Optimization of Xylanase Production from Penicillium sp.WX-Z1 by a Two-Step Statistical Strategy: Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken Experimental Design

The objective of the study was to optimize the nutrition sources in a culture medium for the production of xylanase from Penicillium sp.WX-Z1 using Plackett-Burman design and Box-Behnken design. The Plackett-Burman multifactorial design was first employed to screen the important nutrient sources in the medium for xylanase production by Penicillium sp.WX-Z1 and subsequent use of the response surface methodology (RSM) was further optimized for xylanase production by Box-Behnken design. The important nutrient sources in the culture medium, identified by the initial screening method of Placket-Burman, were wheat bran, yeast extract, NaNO(3), MgSO(4), and CaCl(2). The optimal amounts (in g/L) for maximum production of xylanase were: wheat bran, 32.8; yeast extract, 1.02; NaNO(3), 12.71; MgSO(4), 0.96; and CaCl(2), 1.04. Using this statistical experimental design, the xylanase production under optimal condition reached 46.50 U/mL and an increase in xylanase activity of 1.34-fold was obtained compared with the original medium for fermentation carried out in a 30-L bioreactor.     

新型空气-水双热源复合热泵系统性能和除霜实验

针对低温环境条件下热泵逆循环除霜存在的诸多问题,提出了一套具备预热除霜功能的新型空气-水双热源复合热泵系统（new air-water double source composite heat pump system,AWDSHPS-N）,通过阀门切换和低温水源侧水泵的启停控制可直接进入除霜模式,除霜过程中可保证制热的连续性,每次除霜时长不超过5 min。利用恒温恒湿环境仓模拟室外环境条件,可调控水温的低温水箱模拟太阳能等低温热源搭建AWDSHPS-N实验台,对不同测试工况下,单空气源制热模式（air source heating mode,ASHM）、单水源制热模式（water source heating mode,WSHM）、空气-水双热源制热模式（air-water source heating mode,AWSHM）3种制热模式将水从18℃加热至51℃的系统性能系数（coefficient of performance,COP）进行了实验,结果表明：AWSHM的COP比ASHM提高了6.1%~20.5%;当环境温度和低温水源温度均高于15℃时,系统COP高低顺序为AWSHM、ASHM和WSHM。     

转变铝工业发展模式最具节源减排潜力

全世界发展铝工业的国家与地区可分为三种类型:资源和/或能源丰富的,大力发展上游产品(氧化铝和/或原铝),基本不发展下游产品;资源和/或能源不丰富的,则适度发展上游产品,却较大力度地发展下游产品;资源和/或能源贫乏的,则根本不发展上游产品,却大力发展下游产品.我国应转变铝工业发展模式,走第二种类型国家发展铝工业的道路;另外,应调整铸锭生产结构,从政策方面支持铝材出口,推广铝材应用;加大技术开发与创新力度,提倡新技术推广与应用.     

蒸汽锅炉余热综合改造技术

按照现行的锅炉设计及运行情况,天然气锅炉的效率都在80％左右,锅炉的总体运行效率不高,能源浪费仍然较大。通过对相关设备进行改造,减少热能损失和充分回收利用各种余热,可以将锅炉的热效率提高到85％以上,提高天然气锅炉的热效率,从而节约能源。     

Effects of nitrogen source,rate and application time on boronia (Boronia megastigma Nees) leaf nitrogen and flower production

Nitrogen was supplied from two fast release sources, ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄) and calcium nitrate (Ca(NO₃)₂) and a slow release source, isobutylidene diurea (IBDU) to boronia, a new flower crop native to Australia. At lower rates (25 kg per ha), N availability from different sources, as indicated by the leaf N concentration, did not differ within a month after application but three months after application, N availability was higher from IBDU than from (NH₄)₂SO₄ or Ca(NO₃)₂. At 50 or 100 kg per ha, N availability was higher throughout the year from (NH₄)₂SO₄ or Ca(NO₃)₂ than from IBDU, thereby allowing luxury consumption and causing toxicity. The flower yield increased with increasing N rates. Complete doses of all N rates which were applied early during the vegetative growth gave the highest yields and the same N rates applied in split doses at different phases of plant growth decreased the yields. In addition, high N availability during flowering (caused by a split dose) further decreased the yield. At all application times, IBDU gave the highest yield and the differences in yields with (NH₄)₂SO₄ and Ca(NO₃)₂ were not significant. The leaf N concentration associated with maximum yield declined as the plant advanced towards flowering.     

铝源对合成ZSM-5分子筛晶粒大小及形貌的影响

分别采用偏铝酸钠、硫酸铝、异丙醇铝为铝源,四丙基氢氧化铵为模板剂,用水热合成法制备了不同晶粒大小及不同形貌的ZSM-5分子筛.通过XRD、SEM等表征手段对各种锚源合成的分子筛结晶度、晶粒大小及形貌进行了对比分析.结果表明,以偏铝酸钠和异丙醇铝为铝源合成的ZSM-5分子筛晶粒较小,形貌趋于球形,且化学硅铝比与晶化前驱体的硅铝比基本一致;而以硫酸铝为铝源合成的ZSM-5分子筛硅铝比低于投料硅铝比,且晶粒较大.     

Selective reduction of NOx by hydrogen and methane in natural gas stationary sources over alumina supported Pd, Co and Co/Pd catalysts: Part B: On the effect of bimetallic catalyst preparation

The aim of the present work is to study the selective reduction of NO_x from natural gas sources using unburned methane or hydrogen as reducing agents. The results suggest that the NO_x are reduced by H₂ at low temperature, when methane is not activated and at higher temperature the methane is then the main reducing agent. Similar results are obtained for alumina supported palladium and alumina supported cobald-palladium catalysts at low temperature in presence of hydrogen suggesting that the active phase for the reaction NO/H₂ is the palladium. However, at high temperature the higher activity is obtained on bimetallic catalyst. The presence of cobalt enhances the catalytic activity. This result suggests that cobalt and palladium both in cationic form are the active sites when the reducing agent is the methane.     

Characterization of supercapacitors matrix

This paper treats supercapacitors matrix characterization. In order to cut off transient power peaks and to compensate for the intrinsic limitations in embedded sources, the use of supercapacitors as a storage system is quite suitable, because of their appropriate electrical characteristics (huge capacitance, small series resistance, high specific energy, high specific power), direct storage (energy ready for use), and easy control by power electronic conversion. This use requires supercapacitors modules where several cells connected in serial and/or in parallel, thus a bypass system to balance the charging or the discharging of supercapacitors is required. In the matrix of supercapacitors, six elements of three parallel BCAP0350 supercapacitors in serial connections have been considered. This topology permits to reduce the number of the bypass circuits and it can work in degraded mode. Actually, it allows the system to have more reliability by providing power continually to the load even when there are one or more cells failed. Simulation and experimental results are presented and discussed.     

关于对金属冶炼建设项目安全设施设计编写的思考

根据金属冶炼建设项目安全设施设计编写提纲,围绕安全设施设计编写中常遇到的几个问题进行分析和思考,主要阐述编写安全设施设计的前期准备工作和编写重点。     

边远岛礁淡水保障的问题与对策

边远岛礁是发展海洋经济、维护海洋权益的重要战略支撑点。由于淡水资源短缺,严重制约边远岛礁的开发利用。总结了海岛淡水保障的几种方式及不同方式在边远岛礁淡水保障方面存在的不足,提出"利用岛礁就地资源、将不同淡水保障方式联用、常规保障与应急保障并重"的边远岛礁淡水保障问题的系统解决方案。