矩形钢筋混凝土接地网地面电位的计算

用矩量法计算埋在二层土壤中含水平钢筋的矩形钢筋混凝土接地网在地面上产生的电位,并绘制地面电位、接触电压、跨步电压的三维分布图。由跨步电压分布图可见,钢筋混凝土接地网的跨步电压可能会产生2个峰值,一个在混凝土内部钢筋地网外部的边角附近;另一个在矩形混凝土外部的边角附近。文中给出的2个钢筋混凝土接地网的例子,跨步电压最大值均发生在混凝土外部的边角附近。对有混凝土的接地网,需同时考虑钢筋地网及混凝土外部附近地面上均可能存在跨步电压峰值,这2处地方应加强安全措施。     

An Antidiffusive Entropy Scheme for Monotone Scalar Conservation Laws

In a recent work J. Sci. Comput. 16, 479–524 (2001), B. Després and F. Lagoutière introduced a new approach to derive numerical schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws. Its most important feature is the ability to perform an exact resolution for a single traveling discontinuity. However their scheme is not entropy satisfying and can keep nonentropic discontinuities. The purpose of our work is, starting from the previous one, to introduce a new class of schemes for monotone scalar conservation laws, that satisfy an entropy inequality, while still resolving exactly the single traveling shocks or contact discontinuities. We show that it is then possible to have an excellent resolution of rarefaction waves, and also to avoid the undesirable staircase effect. In practice, our numerical experiments show second-order accuracy.     

泵送混凝土开裂原因及防治

本文详细论述了引起泵送混凝土开裂的设计上配筋率及配筋方式,材性上的胶结材、集料、外加剂及混凝土配合比,施工中的浇注、养护、管理等原因,针对泵送混凝土开裂的沉降收缩、塑性收缩、干燥收缩及温度收缩提出根据结构形式进行防裂配筋设计,组成材料及配合比,施工中的布料、振捣、养护温湿度、收光及严禁二次加水等技术及管理要求以及一旦发现早期裂纹的补救办法等可行的防治措施,确保泵送混凝土不产生有害裂缝.     

整合统计的结构损伤动力诊断三步法

结构损伤诊断是结构健康监测的核心内容之一。在部分前人工作的基础上，针对土木工程结构损伤识别的妻求(单元级诊断)及实际工程中存在的测试噪声干扰问题，结合统计方法发展了一套由损伤识别、损伤定位的单元筛选和搜索、单元损伤反演组成的三阶段结构损伤诊断流程。利用钢筋混凝土三跨连续梁的有限元模型，在存在较大测试误差(模态随机噪声)的条件下，对单／多损伤工况进行了险证诊断，结果表明该流程强健有效，具有良好工程应用前景。     

A spectral‐element method for modelling cavitation in transient fluid–structure interaction

In an underwater‐shock environment, cavitation (boiling) occurs as a result of reflection of the shock wave from the free surface and/or wetted structure causing the pressure in the water to fall below its vapour pressure. If the explosion is sufficiently distant from the structure, the motion of the fluid surrounding the structure may be assumed small, which allows linearization of the governing fluid equations. In 1984, Felippa and DeRuntz developed the cavitating acoustic finite‐element (CAFE) method for modelling this phenomenon. While their approach is robust, it is too expensive for realistic 3D simulations. In the work reported here, the efficiency and flexibility of the CAFE approach has been substantially improved by: (i) separating the total field into equilibrium, incident, and scattered components, (ii) replacing the bilinear CAFE basis functions with high‐order Legendre‐polynomial basis functions, which produces a cavitating acoustic spectral element (CASE) formulation, (iii) employing a simple, non‐conformal coupling method for the structure and fluid finite‐element models, and (iv) introducing structure–fluid time‐step subcycling. Field separation provides flexibility, as it admits non‐acoustic incident fields that propagate without numerical dispersion. The use of CASE affords a significant reduction in the number of fluid degrees of freedom required to reach a given level of accuracy. The combined use of subcycling and non‐conformal coupling affords order‐of‐magnitude savings in computational effort. These benefits are illustrated with 1D and 3D canonical underwatershock problems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Visibility threshold in sharpness for people with different regional backgrounds

Abstract— The influence of regional background on the visibility of sharpness differences has been investigated by blurring various still images to different extents. The assessment of sharpness has been performed both in China by Chinese people and in the Netherlands by European people. The results showed that both Chinese characters and Roman text were clearly more critical image material for judging sharpness than natural images. Independent on whether the image contained Chinese characters or Roman text, the visibility threshold for a difference in sharpness was the same for both the Chinese and European people. When related to a diagonal step response, the threshold on average equaled an angular resolution of 5 arcsec.     

步进电机细分驱动技术的软件实施

步进电机是采用脉冲信号作为驱动信号源的电动机,在微量进给及准确定位等数控领域有着广泛的应用。为使步进电机能更好地满足控制要求,需要采用细分驱动技术。本文论述的是利用软件编程、通过设定循环控制字来分配驱动脉冲信号源,并利用升／降速技术来提高步进电机的控制精度。     

步进电机在CT5235车床数控改造中的应用研究

为了满足加工水轮机中具有回转曲面的过流面需要 ,采用步进机作为控制车床的刀架与滑枕的进给驱动和单片机作为运动控制器来改造现有的CT5 2 3 5立车 ,实现简易数控化。     

阶梯往复变温和高纯氮气对气体渗氮的影响

针对气体渗氮工艺存在的周期长和脆性大两个问题进行了初步的探讨。依据气体渗氮的动力学,采用阶梯往复式变温、扩散期通高纯氮气以及预氧化等方法对传统气体渗氮工艺进行了改进。结果表明：在渗氮质量高于传统方法的基础上,气体渗氮的周期大约缩短４０％。     

一种随机并行算法-aloPex算法的改进

alopex算法是一种新的启发式与随机优化相结合的算法。通过对alopex算法的研究和大量的试验,对alopex算法的优化策略做了一定的改进,以提高该算法的收敛性和收敛速度。实验证明,这种改进是可行的,而且是有效的。