Non-complete relief method for measuring surface stresses in surrounding rocks

The measurement of surface stresses in surrounding rocks with the use of a relief method of annular hole-drilling was studied by numerical analysis. The stress relief process by hole-drilling was then simulated with the use of finite element method. The influences of the borehole diameter（d）, the initial stresses and the ratio of the initial principle stresses on the variations of the remained stress and the released stress in function of the relief depth（h） were discussed. The relation between the non-dimensional ratio of the released principle strains and that of the initial principle stresses, and the effect of the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio of the rock mass on the stress relief curves were studied. The results show that the stress relief behavior formulated with the non-dimensional ratio of the released stress and the ratio of h/d is only sensitive to the ratio of the initial principle stresses and the Poisson ratio. The stresses are completely released when h equals 1.6d, and the tensile stresses take place on the bore core surface in the relief measurement process. Finally, a non-complete relief method of annular hole-drilling for measuring surface stress in surrounding rocks is proposed and the procedure is presented.     

江垭水电站碾压混凝土重力坝的温度应力分析

为研究温度荷载对江垭水电站碾压混凝土重力坝的影响,以其非溢流坝段为研究对象,建立有限元模型,根据江垭水电站的水温、气温、坝体温度、地基温度等监测资料,计算分析了大坝运行期的温度场,研究了大坝在温度场影响下的应力变化规律.研究结果表明:温度荷载对大坝运行有较大影响,但是大坝仍满足规范设计要求;夏季持续高温时,应避免大坝在高水位下运行;冬季持续低温时,应避免大坝在低水位下运行.     

小湾拱坝应力监测资料分析

小湾水电站以发电为主,兼顾防洪、灌溉和库区水运等.坝址处河谷基本对称,河谷深切呈"V"字型.为深入研究小湾拱坝坝体的动、静工作性态,对小湾拱坝坝体进行应力监测;根据应力监测资料进行徐变应力计算,得到实际应力,然后利用作图、特征值统计等定性时空分析方法推断出大坝应力无明显异常;通过分析统计结果以及压应力变量分离模型得到了应力的统计模型.     

An experimental study of the incipient bed shear stress partition in mobile bed channels filled with emergent rigid vegetation

This paper investigates the bed shear stress based on the condition of the incipient motion of sediment in a uniform-flow flume covered with emergent rigid vegetation,which is represented by arrays of circular cylinders arranged in a regular pattern.A total of 148 tests are performed to observe the influence of the vegetation density,bed slope,flow depth and sediment size on the bed shear stress.The tests reveal that when the sediment is in incipient motion,the resistances acting on the flow passing the rigid vegetation contain the vegetation resistance and the bed shear stress.This shear stress could be divided into two parts:the grain shear stress and the shear stress caused by sand dunes,which are the deformed bedform with the sediment incipient motion.An empirical relationship between the shear stress of the sand dune and vegetation density,the Froude number,the apparent vegetation layer velocity is developed.     

高强钢在联合构架中的应用分析

采用有限元分析软件MIDAS/GEN对大型变电站的高强钢联合构架进行了多种工况下的空间应力分析,以139 m长的联合构架为例,分析结论为大风工况是控制工况,高强钢联合构架的结构安全,同时将高强钢构架与普通钢构架进行对比,证明采用高强钢具有减轻构架自重、降低用钢量、缩短工期、节约成本的优势.     

Effect of intermediate principal stress on strength of soft rock under complex stress states

A series of numerical simulations of conventional and true triaxial tests for soft rock materials using the three-dimensional finite difference code FLAC3D were presented. A hexahedral element and a strain hardening/softening constitutive model based on the unified strength theory（UST） were used to simulate both the consolidated-undrained（CU） triaxial and the consolidated-drained（CD） true triaxial tests. Based on the results of the true triaxial tests simulation, the effect of the intermediate principal stress on the strength of soft rock was investigated. Finally, an example of an axial compression test for a hard rock pillar with a soft rock interlayer was analyzed using the two-dimensional finite difference code FLAC. The CD true triaxial test simulations for diatomaceous soft rock suggest the peak and residual strengths increase by 30% when the effect of the intermediate principal stress is taken into account. The axial compression for a rock pillar indicated the peak and residual strengths increase six-fold when the soft rock interlayer approached the vertical and the effect of the intermediate principal stress is taken into account.     

尖点应力计算的有效性方法

提出了三种计算尖点应力的方法。基于一个经典算例,在对其进行有限元建模及仿真的基础上,确定了尖点处的精确应力值。接着分别采用圆周应力平均法,线段应力外推法,变倒角半径应力外推法来计算此点的应力。结果表明,当比较靠近尖点时,圆周应力平均法是一种相对可靠的方法,而在线段应力外推法中,从应力梯度最大的方向进行应力外推也是一种相对精确的方法。     

滑坡作用下输气管道受力分析

以川气东送管道铺设中的管道横穿罗针田滑坡工程为背景,建立管道横穿滑坡情况下的力学模型,并采用静力学解析计算的方法对管道变形、受力状态进行分析研究,获得了滑坡位移、推力与管体的响应特征,如应变或应力的关系,从而为地质灾害安全风险评价及预警提供定量的评价指标。结果表明：该管道横穿滑坡段暂时处于安全状态;管道变形分布曲线呈现正态分布规律,滑坡体正中管道部位变形最大,向两端变形逐渐减小;管道弯矩分布符合两端固定简支梁承受均布荷载弯矩形态,两端应力最大,呈现中部正弯两端负弯态势,管道两端最易发生破坏;研究成果可为类似输油气管道穿越滑坡地质灾害的破坏预警提供理论参考。     

煤层厚度变化区域矿震活动规律研究

为更有效地预防采掘期间深部煤层分叉或厚度变化区域冲击矿压的发生,以某矿回采工作面为工程实践背景,基于矿震活动在能量释放与震动频次方面的变化特征及在空间上的分布规律,分析了煤层分叉及煤层厚度变化对冲击矿压的影响。结果表明:在大能量矿震发生前,日震动频次连续处于高位而日释放能量较长时间维持低水平;在煤层厚度变化区域,矿震活动活跃,容易发生大能量矿震。通过对矿震进行"时间-空间"分析,可以确定矿震集中区域和能量积聚时间段,从而可对煤层厚度变化影响区域进行有针对性的卸压防冲工作。     

门座起重机疲劳裂纹扩展寿命分析研究

门座起重机存在大量因疲劳裂纹导致结构破坏的现象,所以进行疲劳裂纹扩展寿命分析,预测起重机剩余安全使用期的研究就显得非常必要.先对疲劳裂纹扩展寿命进行理论推导,在此理论基础上,制定疲劳裂纹扩展寿命分析的流程;接着以某台100t门座起重机的一处裂纹为研究对象,通过无损探伤确定裂纹尺寸和位置,获取准确的应力谱,在各种典型工况下,对该裂纹进行疲劳裂纹扩展寿命分析研究.定性分析结果表明该裂纹为安全裂纹.该方法能较真实地反映门座起重机的剩余寿命状况,为解决剩余寿命分析问题提供参考.