不同实验装置测定粉尘湿润剂的湿润效果相关性

采用滴液法、正向渗透法和反渗湿润法分别研究了3种阴离子型湿润剂对10种硫化矿粉尘的湿润效果,比较了不同实验装置研究湿润剂湿润粉尘的相关性.结果表明:温度约20℃时,使用上述3种实验方法对相同的试剂和粉尘做湿润实验没有相关性,许多情况下还出现完全相反的结果;而对于相同的实验装置,3种湿润剂都具有较好的相关性.由此可以看出,实验室研究湿润剂所采用的方法在原理上要与应用现场的特征相适应,否则就将适得其反.     

纳米硫化铋-锌复合镀膜的制备及其抗菌性能研究

目的将锌镀层与具有光催化抗菌性能的纳米粒子复合,实现对锌镀层的改性,成功制备一种具有光催化抗菌性能的功能性复合镀层。方法通过向弱酸性硫酸盐锌镀液中加入梯度浓度具有可见光催化杀菌性能的硫化铋纳米粒子,在20#碳钢表面利用恒电流法一步成功制备了系列硫化铋-锌复合镀膜。利用电化学工作站监测了沉积过程中的沉积电位,分别记录沉积前和沉积后的样品质量并测量沉积面积,通过计算,确定了沉积过程的电流效率。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线晶体衍射仪(XRD)及电子能谱仪(EDS)对镀层进行了形貌及成分分析,采用大肠杆菌作为代表性的细菌,检测了复合镀膜的抗菌性能。结果与纯锌镀膜相比,硫化铋的加入显著促进了(100)晶相的晶体生长,而抑制了(102)晶相的晶体生长,使镀膜形貌由标准六方晶系变为块状晶体;硫化铋的加入使沉积电位变得更正,且随硫化铋添加量的增加,变正增幅变大;硫化铋的加入使电沉积过程的电流效率与纯锌镀膜的电流效率相比增大了5%左右,但硫化铋的添加量对电流效率的影响不大;硫化铋-锌复合镀膜在可见光下对大肠杆菌具有良好的抗杀性能,且硫化铋的复合量越高,抗菌效果越好。结论通过笔者提出的电沉积方法,硫化铋可成功复合到了锌镀膜中,从而使硫化铋-锌复合镀膜获得了良好的抗菌性能,最终发现当镀液中硫化铋质量浓度为2 g/L时,硫化铋在锌镀层中的复合量最高,抗菌性能最好。     

闪锌矿(110)表面离子吸附的动力学模拟

为了查清高碱电位环境对闪锌矿表面性质抑制作用的根本原因 ,采用C2 Soterware分子力场中的万能力场方法 ,对闪锌矿 (110 )表面CaOH 和OH-两种离子的吸附进行了动力学模拟 ,并对吸附能和吸附质量云图进行了分析。模拟结果表明 ,相对于OH-来说 ,CaOH 在闪锌矿 (110 )表面的吸附能更负 ,吸附量更大。由此可知 ,这些吸附在表面的离子又与OH-和硫化矿氧化产物产生的SO2 -4等离子作用形成不溶性亲水表面产物 ,从而导致矿物受到抑制 ,这也正是高碱电位调控成功的原因之一。     

便携式多气体检测仪设计

介绍一种便携式多气体检测仪的设计方案,使用PIC18LF6620作为核心处理器,同时连续检测O2、CO、H2S、CH4四种气体的浓度。详细介绍了气体传感器工作原理及其信号处理电路。经过实际测试,该检测仪具有体积小、重量轻、灵敏度高、响应速度快、测量精确等优点。     

Multiple Function Synchronous Optimization by PbS Quantum Dots for Highly Stable Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 23%

Colloidal lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs), which possess quantum confinement effect and processing compatibility with perovskite, are regarded as an excellent material for optimizing perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the existing PSCs optimized by PbS QDs are still facing the challenges of poor performance of the charge transport layers, low utilization in the near-infrared (NIR) region, and unsuitable energy level alignment, which limit the improvement of power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, a synchronous optimization strategy is realized via simultaneously introducing PbS QDs into SnO₂ electron transport layer and employing rare-earth-doped PbS QDs (Eu:PbS QDs) film with hydrophobic chain ligands as the NIR light-absorping layer and hole transport layer (HTL) of devices. PbS QDs effectively decrease the density of trap states by passivating defects. Eu:PbS QDs film with adjustable bandgap is employed as an absorption layer to broaden the NIR spectral absorption. The well-matched energy level between Eu:PbS QDs layer and perovskite layer implies efficient hole transfer at the interface. The successful synchronous optimization greatly elevates all photovoltaic parameters, reaching a maximum PCE of 23.27%. This PCE is the highest for PSCs utilizing PbS QDs material in recent years. The optimized PSCs retain long-term moisture and light stability.     

Intercalative Motifs-Induced Space Confinement and Bonding Covalency Enhancement Enable Ultrafast and Large Sodium Storage

Alloying-type metal sulfides with high theoretical capacities are promising anodes for sodium-ion batteries, but suffer from sluggish sodiation kinetics and huge volume expansion. Introducing intercalative motifs into alloying-type metal sulfides is an efficient strategy to solve the above issues. Herein, robust intercalative In S motifs are grafted to high-capacity layered Bi₂S₃ to form a cation-disordered (BiIn)₂S₃, synergistically realizing high-rate and large-capacity sodium storage. The In S motif with strong bonding serves as a space-confinement unit to buffer the volume expansion, maintaining superior structural stability. Moreover, the grafted high-metallicity Indium increases the bonding covalency of Bi S, realizing controllable reconstruction of Bi S bond during cycling to effectively prevent the migration and aggregation of atomic Bi. The novel (BiIn)₂S₃ anode delivers a high capacity of 537 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.4 C and a superior high-rate stability of 247 mAh g⁻¹ at 40 C over 10000 cycles. Further in situ and ex situ characterizations reveal the in-depth reaction mechanism and the breakage and formation of reversible Bi S bonds. The proposed space confinement and bonding covalency enhancement strategy via grafting intercalative motifs can be conducive to developing novel high-rate and large-capacity anodes.     

Graphene Composites with Cobalt Sulfide: Efficient Trifunctional Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reversible Catalysis and Hydrogen Production in the Same Electrolyte

Nitrogen and sulfur‐codoped graphene composites with Co₉S₈ (NS/rGO‐Co) are synthesized by facile thermal annealing of graphene oxides with cobalt nitrate and thiourea in an ammonium atmosphere. Significantly, in 0.1 m KOH aqueous solution the best sample exhibits an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity that is superior to that of benchmark RuO₂ catalysts, an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity that is comparable to that of commercial Pt/C, and an overpotential of only ?0.193 V to reach 10 mA cm^?2 for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). With this single catalyst for oxygen reversible electrocatalysis, a potential difference of only 0.700 V is observed in 0.1 m KOH solution between the half‐wave potential in ORR and the potential to reach 10 mA cm^?2 in OER; in addition, an overpotential of only 450 mV is needed to reach 10 mA cm^?2 for full water splitting in the same electrolyte. The present trifunctional catalytic activities are markedly better than leading results reported in recent literature, where the remarkable trifunctional activity is attributed to the synergetic effects between N,S‐codoped rGO, and Co₉S₈ nanoparticles. These results highlight the significance of deliberate structural engineering in the preparation of multifunctional electrocatalysts for versatile electrochemical reactions.     

界面聚合-原位制备聚吡咯/CdS纳米复合材料及其非线性光学性能

为了提高聚吡咯(PPy)的光电性能,通过界面聚合-原位法制备了PPy/Cd S复合薄膜材料,用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、热重分析等方法对产物进行了表征。制备的PPy/Cd S薄膜结构平整,投料比对Cd S纳米棒尺度有明显影响。用紫外吸收、Z-扫描技术初步研究了PPy/Cd S的非线性光学(NLO)性质。PPy/Cd S具有明显的饱和吸收和非线性负折射。PPy/Cd S(摩尔比10∶1)薄膜的非线性折射率是PPy薄膜的2.4倍,三阶非线性极化率是PPy的2.1倍,说明PPy/Cd S薄膜具有良好的三阶NLO性能。该复合材料在光限幅等光电领域具有潜在的应用价值。