焦化厂煤气管道和设备腐蚀原因及预防

焦化厂煤气管道和设备腐蚀的主要原因有:溶解氧引发的腐蚀、Cl-和SO42-诱发的应力腐蚀、H2S的腐蚀、CO2的腐蚀、铵盐的腐蚀、高浓度悬浮物引发的腐蚀、泥砂和碎片等异物引发的磨损腐蚀、微生物影响诱发的腐蚀及其他介质的腐蚀等。分析了上述腐蚀发生的机理,提出了通过加强生产管理、改善生产工艺、添加缓蚀剂和阳垢剂,做好日常维护等手段,来实现降低腐蚀,延长管道和设备的使用寿命。     

多媒体教学设备常见故障与检修措施研究

当前,在我国高校之中,多媒体教学是一种普遍采用的教学方式,其不仅大大提升了大学生的教学水平,而且还对于良好教学效果的取得具备着重大意义。如果要确保多媒体教学正常开展,且使之促进教学质量的提升,那么维持多媒体教室电教设施的平稳是必不可少的基础与条件。笔者在本文中联系自身多年管理与建设多媒体教室电教设施的体会,详细介绍了多媒体教室电教设施中多见的几类问题,并总结了处理这些问题的技巧和措施。     

泥磷回收制磷危险性分析与防治

泥磷回收制磷属于化学危险品生产,由于黄磷本身的易燃特性和生产中其他因素的诱导,极容易发生泄漏引发火灾和灼伤。介绍了泥磷的产生和泥磷回收制磷的工艺特点。应用系统安全工程的原理和方法,辨识了泥磷回收制磷生产的潜在危险性;辨识了泥磷回收制磷生产过程中的物质危险性、装置危险性和工艺危险性。运用预先危险性分析法（PHA）对泥磷回收制磷的主要危险、有害因素进行分类和分级。根据对主要危险、有害因素分类和分级的结果,提出技术措施和管理措施来提高企业安全生产管理水平和预防生产性事故的发生。     

70500系列调节阀在大型尿素装置中的应用

介绍Ｍａｓｏｎｅｉｌａｎ公司生产的７０５００系列调节阀的结构，特点，并阐述部分调节阀在使用中存在的问题及改进措施。     

变电运行倒闸操作的危险点及预防对策探究

在实际操作中,由于变电运行非常复杂,很容易出现危险,因此,做好相关危险点的分析和预防工作,对保证电力系统运行安全有着非常重要的意义。结合变电运行倒闸操作中的危险点,对其预防对策进行了分析和探讨。     

工业喷漆的环境污染研究

化工企业对环境的影响较大,其制造的化工产品严重威胁着人们的健康。近年来,随着化工企业的规模越来越大,其带来的环境污染问题也越来越严峻。就工业喷漆对环境污染的状况和治理措施进行了分析、探究。     

提高氯气干燥效果的措施

阐述了在隔膜法烧碱生产过程中，因氯气含水多、干燥塔板积液和塔板上无泡沫层等造成氯气干燥效果不好导致酸流量调节困难，并影响设备使用寿命的问题。提出了具体有效的整改措施。     

Why Phenolic Acids Are Unlikely Primary Allelochemicals in Rice

Allelopathy in rice (Oryza sativa, L.) effective against weeds has been found in about 3.5% of tested rice germplasm in both laboratory and field experimentation. However, the allelochemicals responsible for growth inhibition of rice-associated weeds have not yet been identified. In the literature, phenolic acids are often mentioned as putative allelochemicals. If phenolic acids commonly reach growth inhibitory concentrations in rice ecosystems, it must be expected that the degree of tolerance to phenolic acids will vary among traditional rice cultivars or plant species adapted to rice environments having inherently different phenolic acid concentrations. Phenolic acids concentrations are normally greater in submerged than in aerobic soils. A dose–response study, however, showed that seedlings of rice cultivars adapted to submerged anaerobic soils did not have higher level of tolerance against p-hydroxybenzoic acid than did seedlings of varieties adapted to aerobic upland soils. Moreover, traditional rice cultivars had no greater tolerance than did improved cultivars that were recently bred for traits other than tolerance of phenolic acids. Similarly, there were no differences in tolerance of p-hydroxybenzoic acid between two Echinochloa weed species adapted to either anaerobic or aerobic growth conditions. Thus, neither the rice cultivars nor weed species had evolved different tolerance levels against the phenolic acid. However, all rice cultivars had significantly greater tolerance of p-hydroxybenzoic acid than did either weed species. In a second experiment, the rates at which rice plants released phenolic acids into solution cultures were measured for at least one month, the time period of greatest allelopathic activity following planting under field conditions. The maximum release rate of phenolic acids during the first month of growth was approximately 10 g/plant/day. At a conventional plant density, the release rate of phenolic acids would be approximately 1 mg/m²day. This order of release rate cannot provide concentrations remotely close to phytotoxic levels determined for these rice cultivars and weed species. The results presented in this paper do not preclude the possibility that phenolic acids might be one component in a mixture of chemicals that, when present simultaneously, are allelopathic.     

尿基复合肥生产技术的改进

通过分析尿基复合肥生产过程中出现的问题，并相应提出技术改进措施，优化操作，对复合肥产量的提高和产品质量的控制都取得了明显的效果。     

煤燃烧中NOx的来源和抑制其生成的有效措施

煤燃烧中产生的ＮＯ＿ｘ是不可忽视的大气污染源。根据其生成机理，它主要来自煤中氮的氧化以及高温下空气中Ｎ＿２和Ｏ＿２的反应。烟气中ＮＯ＿ｘ的浓度范围很宽，从２００至２５００ｍｇ／ｍ￣３，影响因素有燃烧温度、空气过剩系数、煤种和燃烧器类型等。在煤燃烧中采取适当措施，可以有效地降低ＮＯ＿ｘ浓度，如降低燃烧温度、分段燃烧、优化空气过剩系数、烟气部分循环和选用含氨量低的煤等。