2—十一烷基—N—羟甲基—N—羟乙基咪唑啉与阴离子表面活性剂的协同效应

用最大气泡法测定咪唑啉的表面张力和临界胶束浓度,并与N-月桂酸-N-甲基牛磺酸钠（AMT）复配后测其表面张力及其分子间的相互作用参数。利用正规溶液理论对它们的协同效应进行了讨论,表明实验值与计算结果相符。     

稀土离子和香兰素在H2SO4溶液中对冷轧钢的缓蚀协同效应

用失重法研究了四种稀土离子(La3+,Ce3+,Ce4+,Nd3+)和香兰素(4-羟基-3-甲氧基-苯甲醛)在1.0 mol/LH2SO4介质中对冷轧钢的缓蚀协同效应。结果表明,香兰素对冷轧钢有中等程度的缓蚀作用,缓蚀率随其浓度的增加而增大;四种稀土离子对冷轧钢的缓蚀作用均较差,最大缓蚀率仅为20%左右。香兰素和稀土Ce4+复配后对冷轧钢产生了明显的缓蚀协同效应,最大缓蚀率可达95%左右;而与La3+,Ce3+和Nd3+复配后均无缓蚀协同效应。     

加料方式对Cu-Co合成低碳醇催化剂性能的影响

低碳醇在汽油添加剂或汽油替代品减少尾气排放等方面具有潜在用途,用煤和天然气经合成气合成低碳醇的Cu-Co催化剂在较为缓和条件下具有较高的催化活性和C₂+OH醇选择性。采用不同沉淀方法制备系列Cu-Co催化剂,通过XRD、XPS、TPR和BET考察加料方式对催化剂前驱体和催化剂性能的影响。在5.0 MPa、250 ℃和空速5 000 h^-1条件下,使用加压固定床反应器考察合成低碳醇活性。研究结果表明,加料方式对催化剂性能有较大影响,采用共沉淀法制备的催化剂颗粒中各组分以纳米大小均匀分布,C₂+OH醇选择性最高;采用正加法制备的催化剂活性和C₂+OH醇选择性最低,催化剂颗粒中活性组分的分布呈壳层分布,Co在颗粒的表面富集;采用并流法和反加法制备的催化剂的醇分布遵从ASF规则,其链增长因子为0.42。实验结果表明,当Cu和Co在催化剂颗粒中以原子尺度分布时,催化活性最好。     

金属处理剂MT与发动机油的配伍性研究

采用理化分析和模拟试验研究了金属处理剂与发动机油的配伍性。结果表明,金属处理剂MT会增加润滑油的低温泵送粘度,也会导致积炭和漆膜的增加,会对发动机的使用带来不良影响。     

含氮硼酸酯与有机锡添加剂的抗磨协同机制

利用四球试验机评价了含氮硼酸酯(BNO)和二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锡(SnDDC)添加剂的极压和抗磨性能,以及它们复配后的极压抗磨性能。结果表明:BNO和SnDDC都具有较好的抗磨性能,当BNO与SnDDC复合后,SnDDC的浓度比例高于BNO时,不仅具有良好的抗磨协同作用,而且没有影响油样的极压性能。磨斑表面扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDX)结果表明,在摩擦过程中,金属表面形成的保护膜中锡元素含量的大小,对于该复配体系的抗磨性能有着重要的影响。     

Ethyl propionate: Synergistic kairomone for african palm weevil,Rhynchophorus phoenicis L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Small trunk pieces of a freshly felled 10-year-old oil palm,Elaeis quineensis (Jacq.), were placed in a modified Nalgene desiccator, and volatiles captured for six days on Porapak Q. Gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of Porapak-Q-trapped volatiles with both flame ionization (FID) and electroantennographic detection (EAD) using male or femaleR. phoenicis antennae revealed several EAD-active compounds. They were identified as: ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, isobutyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, and ethyl isobutyrate. In field experiments in the La Me Research Station, Côte d'Ivoire, ethyl propionate (50 mg/24 hr) but not all esters combined (50 mg/24 hr each) significantly increased capture ofR. phoenicis in pheromone-baited (3 mg/24 hr) traps. One kilogram of 1- to 3-day-old palm tissue was significantly more effective than ethyl propionate in enhancing pheromone attraction. Superior attraction of palm tissue may be attributed to additional as yet unknown semiochemicals. Alternatively, release rates and/or ratios of synthetic volatiles differed from those of palm tissue at peak attraction.     

Solvent extraction of nickel from acidic solutions using synergistic mixtures containing pyridinecarboxylate esters. Part 3. Systems based on arylsulphonic acids

The solvent extraction of nickel and calcium from acidic solutions by mixtures of dinonylnaphthalene sulphonic acid (DNNSA) and different pyridinecarboxylate esters (2-, 3- and 4-C₅H₄.CO.OR, where R = n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl and 2-octyl) in xylene was investigated. In contrast to extraction systems employing DNNSA alone, these mixtures permit the separation of nickel and calcium to be carried out, especially when an excess of the ester is used. The extractability of base metals from sulphate solutions by mixtures of DNNSA (0·25 M ) and isodecyl 3-pyridinecarboxylate (0·25 M ) in Shellsol K decreases through the series Cu > Ni > Al > Co > Ca > Zn > Fe(III) > Mg. Mixtures containing the 2- or 4-ester showed a slightly different selectivity series: Cu > Ni > Co > Zn > Al > Fe(III) ≥ Ca > Mg. In a batch countercurrent experiment, a simulated leach liquor containing Ni 2·15, Mg 5·05 and Ca 0·42 g dm⁻³ (initial pH 3·0) was extracted with the mixed reagent (0·25 M DNNSA plus 0·25 M 4-ester) in four stages at unit phase ratio, without any pH adjustment. The recovery of nickel was 91%, with co-extractions of calcium and magnesium of 14 and 8%, respectively. When the concentration of the 4-ester was increased to 0·50 M , the recovery of nickel increased to 95%, whilst the co-extractions of calcium and magnesium decreased to 4 and 3%, respectively. © 1998 SCI.     

DSD酸-三嗪类荧光增白剂的复配与增效

本文简介了复配型荧光增白剂的概念、复配的种类和方法、复配型荧光增白剂能产生加和增效的原理。介绍了国内DSD酸-三嗪类复配型荧光增白剂的研究和生产概况并列举了几项研究成果在实际应用中的效果。     

Bioaugmentation of floating treatment wetlands for the remediation of textile effluent

This pilot study evaluated the effects of bacterial augmentation on the efficiency of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) to remediate textile wastewater. Two wetland plants, Phragmites australis and Typha domingensis, were used to develop FTWs, which were then augmented with a bacterial consortium of three strains (Acinetobacter junii, Pseudomonas indoloxydans, and Rhodococcus sp.). Results showed that both plant species removed colour, organic matter, toxicity, and heavy metals from textile wastewater and their removal efficiency was further enhanced by augmentation with bacteria. The maximum removal efficiencies of colour, COD and BOD after an 8‐day period were 97, 87 and 92%, respectively, by FTWs carrying P. australis inoculated with the bacterial consortium. Furthermore, the same combination showed 87–99% reduction of heavy metals in the textile wastewater as well. These results indicate that FTWs can be used for the treatment of textile effluent and their working efficiency can be improved by plant‐bacterial synergism.     

抗氧剂的特征及作用

简要介绍了抗氧剂的种类以及它们的特征和作用。并简要介绍了不同抗氧剂并用的效果。