MOX燃料在CANDU重水堆中应用可行性的研究

针对CANFLEX组件装载MOX燃料在CANDU重水堆中的应用进行了时均和瞬态验证计算。计算结果表明,最大通道功率和最大棒束功率均未超过限值。勿需对堆芯结构和运行模式做重大改变即可完成从天然铀堆芯向MOX堆芯的过渡。提出了应用MOX燃料的PWR／CANDU联合燃料循环策略。估算表明,秦山三期CANDU堆采用先进PWR／CANDU联合燃料循环,将使燃耗提高到13900MW·d／t(U);相对于PWR和CANDU堆各自独立的燃料循环,每年节省天然铀资源180t,减少乏燃料处置量约128t。     

Evidence for a multicomponent sex pheromone in the yellowheaded spruce sawfly

The existence of a female-produced sex pheromone in the yellowheaded spruce sawfly,Pikonema alaskensis (Rohwer) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) was demonstrated by field and greenhouse bioassays. Virgin females, their empty cocoons (with which they were confined during handling procedures), and the hexane extract of these cocoons were attractive in the field. The only Florisil fraction of this extract consistently attractive by itself was that eluted with hexane, but three, more polar fractions (eluted with 5%, 25%, and 50% ether in hexane) each synergized the hexane fraction, increasing bioassay responses 10–30 times. Fractions derived directly from virgin females yielded comparable results. The greenhouse data corroborated the field data, except that the 5% ether-hexane fraction, while very synergistic in the field, was consistently inactive in the greenhouse.     

Evaluation of Combined Antibacterial Effects of Eugenol, Cinnamaldehyde, Thymol, and Carvacrol against E. coli with an Improved Method

ABSTRACT:  In this study, the antibacterial activities of eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, thymol, carvacrol, and their combinations against  E. coli  were investigated separately. First, broth macro-dilution assay was adopted to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the 4 components. Second, the combination testing was performed using chequerboard method. Finally, the combined effects were evaluated with an improved method, which was based on the indices of fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) and Effect of the Combination (EC) jointly. The results indicated that MICs of the 4 components were 1600, 400, 400, and 400 mg/L, respectively; treatments with cinnamaldehyde/eugenol, thymol/eugenol, carvacrol/eugenol, and thymol/carvacrol revealed synergistic effects according to the 2 indices. By means of combination, MICs of eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, thymol, and carvacrol decreased to 400, 100, 100, and 100 mg/L, respectively. Consequently, the negative impacts of unpleasant smell of these 4 components could be minimized, making it possible to add them to foods as preservatives. In addition, this improved evaluation method provided a more accurate and comprehensive way to evaluate combined effects.     

Sex phermone components of mulberry looper,Hemerophila atrilineata butler (lepidoptera: Geometridae)

(6Z-9S, 10R)-Epoxy-octadecene (SR-1) and (3Z, 6Z-9S, 10R)-epoxy-octadecadiene (SR-2) are sex pheromone components of the mulberry looper (MBL),Hemerophila atrilineata Butler. Compounds extracted from female MBL pheromone glands were identified by coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and GC-mass spectrometry. In field experiments in China,SR-2,RS-2, or both combined were hardly attractive, butSR-2 in combination withSR-1 attracted significant numbers of MBL males. Synergistic behavioral activity ofSR-1 plusSR-2, but not of corresponding antipode mixtures, indicates enantiospecificity of MBL pheromone communication. Because blends of racemic and enantiospecific (SR)1 plus2 were similarly attractive, racemic1 plus2 may have potential for mass trapping or confusion of MBL males in commercial mulberry plantations.     

新型食品防腐剂及其在调味品中的应用

本文介绍了一些新型食品防腐剂的特性和用途，特别讨论了尼泊金酯钠的产品特性、使用安全性、抑菌活性和复配增效效果，探讨了尼泊金酯钠的抑菌机理，并与苯甲酸钠和山梨酸钾进行了比较。同时阐述了尼泊金酯钠在调味品中的应用前景和生产研究开发动态。     

Studies on the Separation and Recovery of Uranium from Phosphoric Acid Medium Using a Synergistic Mixture of (2-Ethylhexyl)phosphonic Acid Mono 2-Ethyl Hexyl Ester (PC-88A) and Tri-n-octylphosphine Oxide (TOPO)

This paper deals with studies on the extraction of uranium(VI) from phosphoric acid medium using (2-ethylhexyl)phosphonic acid mono 2-ethylhexyl ester and tri-n-octylphosphine oxide individually as well as from their synergistic mixture. Different extraction parameters were investigated. With an increase in phosphoric acid concentration in the aqueous phase, the distribution ratio (Du) was found to decrease in all the cases. Synergism was observed when a mixture of PC-88A and TOPO was used. The synergistic mixture in the mole ratio of 4:1 (1.80 M PC-88A: 0.45 M TOPO) in xylene was found to be most suitable for uranium extraction. Among the various strip liquors used, 5% (w/v) solution of (NH₄)₂CO₃ was found to be the most suitable. Using a mixture of 1.8 M PC-88A and 0.45 M TOPO as the extractant system and 0.5 M ammonium carbonate as the stripping agent, uranium recovery was found to be better than 97% ± 3% in multiple contacts, (n = 2) from actual Davies Gray Waste while in case of wet phosphoric acid more than 52% ± 3% (n = 3) only could be recovered where n is the number of contacts.     

复合射孔技术研究与应用

复会射孔技术是将射孔完井和高能气体压裂两项技术合二为一,利用炸药和火药的燃速差来实现先射乱后压裂,一次施工完成射孔压裂两个工序。介绍了宴会射孔技术的完井机理、复合射孔器结构、施工设计、施-工艺及在大庆油田的应用。通过对应用效果分析认为,该技术是一项实用、高效、增产的新技术,它简化了现有施工工序,节约了资金,提高了经济效益,具有广阔的推广应用前景。在复合射孔后的井直接进行水力压裂可降低破裂压力,使水力压裂效果更好。     

Cobalt removal from waste‐water by means of supported liquid membranes

BACKGROUND: Supported liquid membranes (SLM) are an alternative technique to remove and recover metals from diluted process solutions and waste‐water. In the present work, the removal of Co(II) from a synthetic CoSO₄ solution containing initial amounts of cobalt(II) in the range 100–200 ppm (0.1–0.2 g dm^?3) has been studied on a pilot scale. By performing batch equilibrium experiments, the optimal settings, i.e. the composition of the organic phase, the pH of the feed, the type and concentration of the stripping agent were determined. RESULTS: It is shown that the equilibrium characteristics of a synergistic extractant mixture containing di‐2‐ethyl‐hexylphosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and 5‐dodecylsalicylaldoxime (LIX 860‐I) are superior to D2EHPA. Both hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid have been evaluated as stripping solutions in liquid–liquid extraction tests and as the receiving phase in a SLM configuration. Although equilibrium tests showed no difference in stripping characteristics between both chemicals, it was observed that in a SLM configuration the stability of the system when hydrochloric acid is used is poor. With a commercially available SLM module (Liqui‐Cel Extra‐Flow 4 × 28) having a surface area of 19 m², a steady Co(II) flux of 0.140 gm^?2h^?1 has been obtained at influent concentrations of cobalt between 100 and 200 ppm with 3 mol dm^?3 sulfuric acid as stripping phase. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained show that a supported liquid membrane containing a synergistic mixture of LIX 860‐I and D2EHPA gives the possibility of recovering cobalt from dilute solutions. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Phenolic compounds and plant extracts protect paprika against UV-induced discoloration

The efficiency of phenolic antioxidants in protecting paprika carotenoids against discoloration was studied in a model gel system that was exposed to radiation of 274 nm at 20 °C. The fading of the colour of the gel was followed over a 6‐h period. Fifty percent of the colour faded from the control after 70 min of radiation. The ability of each antioxidant to prevent discoloration was assessed by using several different concentrations. Antioxidant compounds can be ranked according to their protective effect on colour: BHT > α‐tocopherol > epigallocatechin gallate > quercetin > rosmarinic acid ≥ caffeic acid and ferulic acid > coumaric acid > catechin. The ability of rosemary and tea extracts to prevent discoloration was comparable to pure compounds and this could be explained by their polyphenol content. Mixtures of α‐tocopherol with rosemary extract revealed strong synergistic effects.     

工业锅炉烟气多污染物排放协同净化技术综述

介绍了国内外工业锅炉烟气多污染物协同净化技术现状,包括基于液相催化氧化法等传统协同技术、LJD循环流化床法等新协同技术的原理、特征和改进方向,并对国内外发展的烟气多污染物净化技术的原理及研究现状进行评述,对比了各种技术的性能,展望了工业锅炉多污染物净化技术的发展前景与技术方向。