引射式大负荷陶瓷红外辐射燃烧器的研究

开发了一种新型的大负荷多喷嘴引射式红外辐射燃烧器。它具有结构简单紧凑、不耗电能、燃烧性能优良、低污染等优点。介绍了此燃烧器的设计思路及实验研究。     

提升卡尔多炉炉龄指标的生产实践

贵冶卡尔多炉是国内首台主要用于处理废杂铜的卡尔多炉,目前对国外卡尔多炉了解甚少,无指标可以比较。通过几年的生产实践,卡尔多炉仍有部分不如意的技经指标,如耐火砖消耗快,炉龄指标较短。如何减少炉修次数,降低耐火砖单耗,是我们面临的主要难题。我们对影响贵冶卡尔多炉炉龄指标的主要因素进行分析,总结了提高卡尔多炉炉龄,减少炉修次数的相关操作及管理经验,优化了卡尔多炉经济指标。     

步进梁加热炉分段式脉冲燃烧优化控制

针对步进梁加热炉热处理过程中出现的铜坯局部受热不均问题,对脉冲燃烧控制进行了改进。以往采用脉冲燃烧技术时,烧嘴大小火燃烧状态固定,最大火、最小火输出功率相差较大,导致加热过程工件局部受热强烈,影响热处理质量。分段式脉冲燃烧在原时序控制基础上,利用空气电动蝶阀的位置反馈,根据PLC控制输出的不同区间值设定不同的大小火燃烧状态,可保证炉内温度平稳上升,减少燃料消耗,提高热处理质量。控制过程通过自主研发的程序实现,节约硬件成本,调控灵活。实际运行效果表明系统性能稳定,控温精度高,很好地满足了工艺要求。     

凝结换热与冷凝式锅炉原理及应用(续完)

阐述了凝结换热及冷凝式锅炉原理及其应用背景,分析了制约冷凝式锅炉快速发展的技术和政策瓶颈,介绍了先进的凝结换热和冷凝式锅炉应用技术,为我国未来冷凝式锅炉技术创新指出了参考方向。     

加热炉炉管节能改造和防护技术探讨

某油田拥有200多台火(管)筒式加热炉,由于腐蚀老化、负荷增大以及热洗周期缩短等原因,加热炉损坏和高能耗问题日益突出,每年耗气近9500×104m3,且现场多次发生加热炉着火事故。据统计,损坏的加热炉中,炉管烧损鼓包占53%,烟炉管、封头、烟箱、烟囱腐蚀减薄或穿孔占32%,由此判断炉管是加热炉的易损部件。加热炉炉管鼓包是因为结垢导致炉管上部局部过热以及环境温度变化过大,炉管和弯头等部位的腐蚀主要是因为溶解氧腐蚀、垢下腐蚀及硫酸露点腐蚀。根据加热炉损坏的原因,提出了通过使用FHC-D型红外线新型节能涂料、物理防垢设备、直燃式燃烧器辐射管、炉管高温和泄漏监测装置等防护措施,有效控制炉管损坏问题,并预防因炉管烧穿而引起的火灾事故;此外,在加热炉运行管理中,建议通过推广低温常温集输、加热炉交替使用、合理调整天然气和空气配比等方式,达到减缓结垢速度、保护炉管的目的。     

Proposal of a plutonium burner system based on HTGR with high proliferation resistance

An innovative plutonium burner concept based on high temperature gas cooled reactor (HTGR) technology, “Clean Burn”, is proposed by Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). That is expected to be as an effective and safe method to consume surplus plutonium accumulated in Japan. A similar concept proposed by General Atomics (GA), Deep Burn, cannot be introduced to Japan because of its adopting highly enriched plutonium, which shall infringe on a Japanese nuclear nonproliferation policy according to Japan–US reprocessing negotiation. The Clean Burn concept can avoid this problem by employing an inert matrix fuel (IMF) and a tightly coupled fuel reprocessing and fabrication plants. Both features make it impossible to extract plutonium alone out of the fabrication process and its outcomes. As a result, the Clean Burn can use surplus plutonium as a fuel without mixing it with uranium matrix. Thus, surplus plutonium alone will be incinerated effectively, while generation of plutonium from the uranium matrix is avoided. High neutronic performance, i.e., achievement of burn-up of about 500 GWd/t and consumption ratio of plutonium-239 reaching to about 95%, is also assessed. Furthermore, reactivity defect caused by the inert matrix is found to be negligible. It is concluded that the Clean Burn concept is a useful option to incinerate plutonium with high proliferation resistance.     

带入口旋流器的文丘利油燃烧器出口热态流场的数值模拟

针对带入口旋流器的新型文丘利油燃烧器出口流动燃烧的特点，建立了相应的数学物理模型和数值算法。在数值模拟一、二次风道内部流动及出口等温流场的基础上，对新型油燃烧器出口的热态流场进行了数值模拟，并与未装设入口旋流器的文丘利油燃烧器出口冷热态模拟结果进行了对比分析。模拟结果为该型油燃烧器的进一步改进设计、运行及布置提供了重要依据。图9表1参10     

脉动燃烧及其在隧道式淬火炉上的应用

针对某隧道式淬火炉炉温分布不均匀的问题，改造中提出了采用调温高速烧嘴脉动燃烧控制技术。从理论上证明了在脉动燃烧控制方式下，控制对象是带延迟的一阶惯性环节，以及影响稳态炉温波动的因素。还进一步阐述了该技术的优越性及运用在隧道式淬火炉上取得的显著效果。     

Numerical study of the effects of material properties on flame stabilization in a porous burner

Development of porous burners has been encouraged by lower emission standards as well as the advantages these burners offer; such as fuel flexibility, the ability to operate at low equivalence ratios, and effective flame speeds greater than the laminar flame speed. Although a burner may be constructed from a single section of porous media, a burner consisting of two sections with different characteristics has received significant attention in the last decade. Through proper selection of the properties of the two sections, the interface between the two sections serves as a flame holder preventing flashback for a range of conditions. In this paper, we present the results from a one-dimensional computational study on flame stabilization in a two section porous burner. The stable operating limits are predicted for a range of equivalence ratios and are compared to experimental values. A parametric study, in which the properties of the two sections are varied independently, is presented. The results indicate that matrix properties significantly affect the stable operating range. In addition, the upstream section acts primarily as a flashback arrestor and for the widest operating range, it should have a low conductivity, low volumetric heat transfer coefficient, and high radiative extinction coefficient. The downstream section acts primarily to recirculate heat through the matrix; it should have a high conductivity, high volumetric heat transfer coefficient, and an intermediate radiative extinction coefficient.     

燃烧区负压对大气式燃烧器调节特性的影响

对大气式燃烧器,当燃烧器头部燃烧区产生负压时,其自动调节特性会受到影响。分析了燃烧器引射能力与燃烧区负压的关系,结合典型案例,量化分析了燃烧区负压对燃烧器一次空气系数的影响。大气式燃烧器引射的一次空气量对燃烧区负压非常敏感,负压会增大一次空气系数。