A CEC-funded project has been performed to tackle the problem of producing an advanced Life Monitoring System (LMS) which would calculate the creep and fatigue damage experienced by high temperature pipework components. Four areas were identified where existing Life Monitoring System technology could be improved:
1. 1. the inclusion of creep relaxation
2. 2. the inclusion of external loads on components
3. 3. a more accurate method of calculating thermal stresses due to temperature transients
4. 4. the inclusion of high cycle fatigue terms.
The creep relaxation problem was solved using stress reduction factors in an analytical in-elastic stress calculation. The stress reduction factors were produced for a number of common geometries and materials by means of non-linear finite element analysis. External loads were catered for by producing influence coefficients from in-elastic analysis of the particular piping system and using them to calculate bending moments at critical positions on the pipework from load and displacement measurements made at the convenient points at the pipework. The thermal stress problem was solved by producing a completely new solution based on Green's Function and Fast Fourier transforms. This allowed the thermal stress in a complex component to be calculated from simple non-intrusive thermocouple measurements made on the outside of the component. The high-cycle fatigue problem was dealt with precalculating the fatigue damage associated with standard transients and adding this damage to cumulative total when a transient occurred.
The site testing provided good practical experience and showed up problems which would not otherwise have been detected. 相似文献
Si3N4powders coated with 6 wt% Y2O3and 4 wt% Al2O3were prepared by coprecipitation. The resulting powders were dispersed in water at different pH values and with addition of various amounts of ammonium polyacrylate (NH4PA) to produce 32 vol% slips. The influence of the amount of NH4PA solution added and pH on the rheological properties of 32 vol% coated Si3N4slips were studied. In addition, the sintered density of cast samples was determined and related to the degree of slip dispersion. The adsorption of the NH4PA on the coated particle surface was rather high and the surface became saturated near 0.86 mg/m2at pH 9.2. High NH4PA concentrations (1.7–3 wt%) were necessary to obtain well dispersed 32 vol% coated Si3N4slips at pH 9.2. The best stabilization was obtained with the addition of 2.3 wt% NH4PA; in this condition, the viscosity reached a minimum value of 35 mPa.s at 100 s–1. The slip viscosity increased with increasing pH from 9.2 to 10.2. Slips with low viscosities gave a more dense packing of cast samples and consequently higher sintered density values. 相似文献