The Thermal Conductivity, Thermal Diffusivity, and Heat Capacity of Gaseous Argon

This paper presents new absolute measurements for the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of gaseous argon obtained with a transient hot-wire instrument. Six isotherms were measured in the supercritical dense gas at temperatures between 296 and 423 K and pressures up to 61 MPa. A new analysis for the influence of temperature-dependent properties and residual bridge unbalance is used to obtain the thermal conductivity with an uncertainty of less than 1% and the thermal diffusivity with an uncertainty of less than 4%. Isobaric heat capacity results were derived from measured values of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity using a density calculated from an equation of state. The heat capacities presented here have a nominal uncertainty of 4% and demonstrate that this property can be obtained successfully with the transient hot wire technique over a wide range of fluid states. The technique will be useful when applied to fluids which lack specific heat data.     

考虑温度效应的微操作平台的建模与性能分析

微操作平台处于温度变化的工作环境中会产生热误差、断裂或疲劳破坏等意外情况.为了提高基于直梁式柔性铰链的微操作平台的精度,采用有限元方法建立考虑温度效应的平台热响应模型,并基于该模型对其热误差和热应力进行分析.采用欧拉-伯努利梁模拟直梁式柔性铰链和杆件的力学行为,采用最小势能原理得到计入温度效应的微操作平台的力学方程.采用模态截断技术推导出温度变化与热误差、热应力之间的传递函数.以桥式微操作平台为算例分析温度变化对其性能的影响.分析结果表明:热误差对温度变化的灵敏度为0.192μm/℃,温度变化会产生较大的静态热误差;通过选择合理的结构参数可减小热误差;当单位温度变化时会产生0~0.21μm振动和11.6 MPa的热应力,在动态热载荷作用下会产生较大的热振动和热应力.所以,不能忽略温度效应对微操作平台的影响,需要通过优化设计和热误差补偿策略减小其影响.     

基于系统参数组合多重调谐质量阻尼器减震模型冲程的评价

多重调谐质量阻尼器（MTMD）是由多个固有频率成线性分布的调谐质量阻尼器（TMD）组成。可能的MTMD系统参数组合形成5种MTMD即MTMD-1-MTMD-5。基于建立的MTMD-1-MTMD-5结构系统传递函数和动力放大系数（DMF），定义了求解MTMD-1-MTMD-5最优参数的优化准则。利用求得的MTMD-1-MTMD-5最优频率间隔、阻尼比和调谐频率比，评价了MTMD-1-MTMD-5的冲程情况。     

Two‐ and three‐dimensional transition element families for adaptive refinement analysis of elasticity problems

In this paper, new enhanced assumed strain (EAS) and hybrid stress transition element families are developed for 2D and 3D adaptive refinement analysis of elasticity problems. The EAS element families are based on some existing incompatible transition element families. By using the EAS method and the previous incompatible modes, the B ‐matrix columns associated with the EAS modes can be directly designed such that their domain integrals vanish automatically and they can be computed more efficiently. For 2D hybrid stress transition element families, it is possible to derive different stress fields that lead to rank‐sufficient transition elements. However, the task becomes intractable for 3D hybrid stress transition elements in which many combinations of mid‐side and mid‐face nodes are possible. This paper proposes to use hybrid stress transition element families in which the assumed stress fields are linearly complete. The new 2D element family is more accurate than the 2D rank‐sufficient element family. The new 3D element family is more accurate than the one with additional bilinear stress modes. Numerical examples reveal that the most accurate transition element families are the newly developed hybrid stress families followed by the EAS families, the incompatible families and then the compatible families. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An assessment of stress intensity factors for surface flaws in a tubular member

In the safety assessment of pressure vessels and pipes with circumferential surface cracks, it is often necessary to consider fatigue crack propagation and fracture among the possible modes of failure. The stress intensity factors at crack tips are important parameters for estimating residual life and criticality. The purpose of this paper is to present a method to calculate the mode I stress intensities for semi-elliptical cracks in pipes. This method uses the finite element technique to analyse a crack but does not require the crack to be modelled explicitly. This method is ideal for use with either fatigue life calculations or use with structural optimisation processes. Accurate results are obtained using only a relatively small number of degrees of freedom without the need to explicitly mesh cracks. In this paper a range of examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of this method.     

水饱和混凝土单轴压缩弹塑性损伤本构模型

多孔多相的饱和混凝土中,孔隙自由水对混凝土的力学特性有显著的影响。该文基于损伤力学基本原理建立了单轴压缩条件下水饱和混凝土的弹塑性损伤本构模型,并结合太沙基“有效应力原理”,认为材料的损伤是由本体有效应力和结构有效应力引起的,根据应力平衡条件得出了两种有效应力下的应力关系方程,并在此基础上建立了水饱和混凝土的单轴压缩损...     

超细肤色ZnO制备的新工艺研究

报道了在碱式碳酸锌热解过程中添加适量碳酸氢铵制得超细肤色ＺｎＯ粉末的新方法。应用化学分析、ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ等方法时产品进行分析测试。结果表明，用该法合成的ＺｎＯ呈肤色粒径小，近似球形，适用于化妆品、医药、颜料等领域。     

江南园林文化因子提取及设计应用研究

目的构建江南园林文化因子的提取模型,科学而理性地挖掘与提炼具有识别性的设计元素,结合实践以验证方法的可行性和可靠性。方法建立江南园林文化因子提取及应用研究框架,采用定性和定量相结合的方法提取花窗、洞门、色彩、意蕴4个设计因子,计算各因子的重要性并将研究成果应用于产品设计。结论使用科学的因子提取方法能够提取特征鲜明的江南园林文化设计因子,提升产品的文化内涵,以系统、科学、合理的方法指导创意产品设计实践。     

X-ray Diffraction Study of MgB2 at Low Temperatures

We have performed powder X-ray diffraction of MgB₂ superconductor between 10 and 300 K. Temperature dependence of integrated intensities of both (002) and (110) X-ray reflections shows a peak at around T_C, superconducting transition temperature. The integrated intensity of the X-ray reflection is related to the phonon frequency through a Debye--Waller factor. Lattice parameters a and c show negative thermal expansions at low temperatures. The negative thermal expansion might be due to an electronic origin and not directly related to the superconducting transition.     

Measurements of the thermal conductivity of liquid R32, R124, R125, and R141b

This paper reports measurements of the thermal conductivity of refrigerants R32, R124, R125, and R141b in the liquid phase. The measurements, covering a temperature range from 253 to 334 K and pressure up to 20 MPa, have been performed in a transient hotwire instrument employing two anodized tantalum wires. The uncertainty of the present thermal-conductivity data is estimated to be ±0.5%. The experimental data have been represented by polynomial functions of temperature and pressure for the purposes of interpolation. A comparison with other recent measurements is also included.