SUPPRESSION OF PERIOD DOUBLING CHATTER IN HIGH-SPEED MILLING BY SPINDLE SPEED VARIATION

Spindle speed variation is a well known technique to suppress regenerative machine tool vibrations, but it is usually considered to be effective only for low spindle speeds. In the current paper, spindle speed variation is applied to the high speed milling process, at the spindle speeds where the constant speed cutting results in period doubling chatter. The stability analysis of triangular and sinusoidal shape variations is made numerically with the semi-discretization method. It is shown that the milling process can be stabilized by increasing the amplitude of the spindle speed variation, while the frequency of the variation has no significant effect on the dynamic behaviour. The results are validated by experiments. Based on the analysis of the machined workpieces, it is shown that the surface roughness can also be decreased by the spindle speed variation technique.     

First evidence of grass carp recruitment in the Great Lakes Basin

We use aging techniques, ploidy analysis, and otolith microchemistry to assess whether four grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella captured from the Sandusky River, Ohio were the result of natural reproduction within the Lake Erie Basin. All four fish were of age 1 +. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that these fish were not aquaculture-reared and that they were most likely the result of successful reproduction in the Sandusky River. First, at least two of the fish were diploid; diploid grass carp cannot legally be released in the Great Lakes Basin. Second, strontium:calcium (Sr:Ca) ratios were elevated in all four grass carp from the Sandusky River, with elevated Sr:Ca ratios throughout the otolith transect, compared to grass carp from Missouri and Arkansas ponds. This reflects the high Sr:Ca ratio of the Sandusky River, and indicates that these fish lived in a high-strontium environment throughout their entire lives. Third, Sandusky River fish were higher in Sr:Ca ratio variability than fish from ponds, reflecting the high but spatially and temporally variable strontium concentrations of southwestern Lake Erie tributaries, and not the stable environment of pond aquaculture. Fourth, Sr:Ca ratios in the grass carp from the Sandusky River were lower in their 2011 growth increment (a high water year) than the 2012 growth increment (a low water year), reflecting the observed inverse relationship between discharge and strontium concentration in these rivers. We conclude that these four grass carp captured from the Sandusky River are most likely the result of natural reproduction within the Lake Erie Basin.     

Flow characteristics of the two tandem wavy cylinders and drag reduction phenomenon

This paper presents an extensive numerical study of 3-D laminar flow around two wavy cylinders in the tandem arrangement for spacing ratios (L/Dm ) ranging from 1.5 to 5.5 at a low Reynolds number of 1...     

三峡-葛洲坝两坝间现行船队通航流量适应能力研究

三峡—葛洲坝两坝间河道通航难点段诸多,河道蜿蜒曲折,沟壑浅滩水流紊乱,并存在泡漩等不利的险恶流态,给船舶(队)的航行安全带来隐患。介绍了5套运行较多、具有代表性的船舶(队),在两坝间来流量45 000～35 000 m3/s时进行的通航船模试验成果。在来流量40 000 m3/s以下,各船队可通过两坝间各困难航段,其航行指标基本满足船队安全航行的要求,500 t以下的各小型船队应限定在来流量35 000 m3/s以下航行,较为安全;两坝间河道的6个困难航段中,上行较难的为喜滩和狮子垴段,居中为莲沱段、其次为石牌、偏垴和南津关段。该研究成果对今后两坝间行船有一定的实用价值和指导意义。     

Application of signal processing techniques to the detection of tip vortex cavitation noise in marine propeller

The tip vortex cavitation and its relevant noise has been the subject of extensive researches up to now. In most cases of experimental approaches, the accurate and objective decision of cavitation inception is primary, which is the main topic of this paper. Although the conventional power spectrum is normally adopted as a signal processing tool for the analysis of cavitation noise, a faithful exploration cannot be made especially for the cavitation inception. Alternatively, the periodic occurrence of bursting noise induced from tip vortex cavitation gives a diagnostic proof that the repeating frequency of the bursting contents can be exploited as an indication of the inception. This study, hence, employed the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) analysis and the Detection of Envelope Modulation On Noise (DEMON) spectrum analysis, both which are appropriate for finding such a repeating frequency. Through the acoustical measurement in a water tunnel, the two signal processing techniques show a satisfactory result in detecting the inception of tip vortex cavitation.     

基于加卸载响应比理论的大坝台风作用效应计算方法

台风对大坝的作用包括台风引起的强降雨对大坝的影响、台风引起的库水位波动(波浪)对大坝的影响以及台风风荷载对大坝的影响等。基于加卸载响应比理论,通过对台风作用下的大坝效应增强和维持判据进行深入研究,提出了库水位加卸载响应比和波浪加卸载响应比的计算方法,给出了台风作用下大坝效应增强与维持判据的评判准则。利用上述方法和评价准则,对受2010年10号台风"莫兰蒂"影响的东坞水库进行分析,结果表明,东坞水库大坝受台风影响不大,大坝处于稳定状态。将加卸载响应比理论引入到水利工程领域,是对加卸载响应比理论的应用范围的拓展,也是研究台风作用下大坝稳定性的新思路。     

交替缺氧/好氧CAST处理低ρ_(COD)/ρ_(TN)生活污水的脱氮研究

以低ρCOD/ρTN生活污水为处理对象,在连续和分段2种进水方式下分析了交替缺氧/好氧循环式活性污泥法工艺的脱氮性能及曝气需求量,并研究了分段进水方式下pH、ρDO和氧化还原电位(oxidation reduction potential,ORP)的变化规律.结果表明,连续进水方式下,系统TN平均去除率75.1%,系统因长期低负荷运行而发生污泥膨胀,污泥容积指数(sludge volume index,SVI)平均值为229 mL/g,同时,曝气量升至0.56 m3/h时,才能使NH4+-N去除率大于99%;采用分段进水方式时,系统TN平均去除率可提高至81.5%,污泥沉降性能良好,并且曝气量降至0.24 m3/h时,系统NH 4+-N去除率仍大于99%,节省了运行费用.此外,当采用分段进水时,反应区内的pH值、ρDO和ORP值曲线有较明显的变化规律,并与反应区内污染物浓度的变化有着较好的相关性.     

有限字符集信号传输的互信息计算

针对目前有限字符集上衰落信道下的数字通信传输方法无法既简洁又准确地计算互信息值问题,提出了一种新的互信息值计算方法.通过分析对数似然比与互信息之间的关系,对高信噪比和低信噪比两种情况下的简化计算进行加权组合,实现了宽信噪比区间内的低复杂度和准确的互信息值计算.实验结果表明,该算法不仅能够准确地计算互信息值,而且能够简洁、准确地评估无线传输的差错概率.与目前常用算法相比,本文算法具有准确、简便和直观的优势,对数字通信系统性能的理论分析具有较好的指导意义.     

城市快速路匝道合流区车速限制研究

为了明晰城市快速路匝道合流区交通运行最有利的车速限制策略,基于匝道合流区限速原则,采用快速路实测数据和数理统计分析方法,研究匝道车辆车速分布、流量与车速关系以及车道位置、车型和车道宽度对匝道合流区的合理限速值的影响．分析表明:车速随车道位置由内至外依次降低,车道宽度虽与车速呈正比,但影响并不大,车速主要受流量影响,与其呈正比．城市快速路匝道合流区与基本路段的车速特征差异较大,应分别制定限速策略,匝道合流区限速值应根据车道位置、车道宽度和流量情况综合进行考虑．     

不同模量比对复合材料储能飞轮强度的影响

以材料的环向与径向模量比λ作为参量,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件,对给定尺寸不同材料的单层及双层异构复合材料飞轮转子进行强度计算,得出飞轮转子在高速旋转时的径向和环向应力分布规律。进而利用强度比方程求解各种结构的强度比,分析材料参数对飞轮转子强度的影响。