复合型导电塑料的研究进展

介绍了复合型导电塑料的种类。特性与应用，讨论了它们的导电机理及影响导电性的因素。着重全叙述了国内外对添加抗静电剂、导电填料以及共混复合型导电塑料的研究现状与发展趋势。     

Comparative study on the preparation and properties of radiation‐grafted polymer electrolyte membranes based on fluoropolymer films

In this study the fluoropolymers, poly(ethylene‐co‐tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films, together with the radiation‐induced crosslinked polytetrafluoroethylene (cPTFE) film were compared on the basis of their preparation and properties of radiation‐grafted polymer electrolyte membranes. The polymer electrolyte membranes were prepared by radiation grafting of styrene into the base films and subsequent sulfonation. The proton conductivity and chemical stability of the three types of membranes with a similar ion exchange capacity (IEC) near 1.0 mmol/g were investigated and are discussed in detail. Although the ETFE‐based polymer electrolyte membrane was relatively more stable, its proton conductivity was lower than those of the PVDF‐ and cPTFE‐based membranes. On the other hand, the cPTFE‐based membrane showed a significantly higher proton conductivity, but its chemical stability was shorter than that of the ETFE‐based membrane. It is considered that the difference in the preparation and properties of the polymer electrolyte membranes was due to the difference in the degree of crystallinity as well as in the chemical structure of the fluoropolymer base films. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1966–1972, 2007     

Effects of microreactor wall heat conduction on the reforming process of methane

In this paper, the effect of wall conduction of an autothermal tubular methane microreformer is investigated numerically. It is found that the axial wall conduction can strongly influence the performance of the microreactor and should not be neglected without a careful a priori investigation of its impact. By increasing the wall thermal conductivity, the maximum wall surface temperature is decreased. Due to the complex exothermic–endothermic nature of the chemistry of reforming, the axial variation of the wall temperature is not monotonic. Methane conversion and hydrogen yield are strongly dependent on the wall inner surface temperature, hence the heat conduction through the channel wall. The equivalence ratio and the wall thickness also significantly affect the reforming effectiveness and must be carefully considered in reactor optimization. Furthermore, it is found that exothermic oxidation reaction mechanisms, especially partial oxidation, are responsible for syngas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide) production near the inlet. Farther downstream, in the oxygen deficient region, endothermic steam reforming is the main hydrogen producing mechanism. By increasing the thermal conductivity, steam reforming becomes stronger and partial oxidation becomes weaker. For all investigated inlet conditions, the highest hydrogen yield is obtained for no or very low conductive walls.     

无限长圆柱非稳态导热集总参数法应用

圆柱体进行非稳态导热时,集总参数法只适用于Bi〈1的情况,Bi〉1时一般采用根据解析解绘制的Heisler图线．由于前者适用范围窄,后者误差大,探讨一个非稳态导热的实用便捷公式具有重要意义．以无限长圆柱为例,研究在0〈Bi〈∞条件下非稳态导热平均温度集总参数分析方法,定义必要的参数,建立了平均温度瞬态响应关系式．拓展了传统的非稳态导热集总参数法应用范围．数值分析给出了计算关系式的辅助参数表．通过推导出的公式,结合参数表来计算工程实际问题,比通用的Heisler图解法更为简洁方便．     

基于时域激光诱导辐射确定湍流火焰烟黑粒径

对非稳态丙烷湍流火焰中的烟黑粒径进行在线测量.高能脉冲激光直接照射火焰中的烟黑微粒,其受热辐射光谱信号由光电倍增管检测.为降低信号噪音,采用分段平均方法拟合获得烟黑等亚微米量级固体颗粒粒径.所得结果与透射电镜测量结果吻合.通过统计多个激光脉冲下颗粒各粒径值,获得了不同空燃比下丙烷湍流火焰中烟黑粒径分布的变化规律.本方法为非稳态燃烧过程中可吸入颗粒物尺寸分布提供了一种有效的在线监测手段．     

激光辐照生物组织双相位滞后模型的温度分析

针对激光照射下生物组织内的非傅里叶导热现象,采用双相位滞后生物传热模型(DPL模型)进行分析,并与Pennes模型、热波模型的研究结论进行比较。当τq和τT都非常小的时候,DPL模型的结果接近于传统的傅里叶热传导方程;当τq增加的时候,它趋于引起更多的热波效果。对于DPL模型,τq和τT取不同的数值,模型中的非傅里叶导热表现为不同的形式。此研究结果对医学中的激光临床问题具有一定的理论指导作用。     

温针传热研究与电子温针的研制

温针临床疗效显著、应用范围广,但其操作有许多不便之处。温针疗效来源于针刺手法和温热刺激,艾炷燃烧产生的温热刺激在治疗中起着重要的作用,因此有必要研究其热量传递过程,并模拟温热刺激,研制电子温针。本文采用有限元方法分析温针稳定工作时组织内的温度场分布,并在此基础上,研制毫针微型加热装置。研究认为由于金属针身的快速导热能力,组织内的热量主要集中在针身和针身附近,从而热量能更加有效地作用于穴位,获得更好的疗效。针身的热传导在组织内传热中发挥着重要的作用。所研制的电子温针依靠针身传导热量到穴位处,使皮肤进针点的温度根据临床治疗要求在37--45℃范围内可调。     

U型埋管换热器及其周围土壤非稳态传热的数值分析

针对地源热泵U型换热器埋管、周围回填材料及土壤传热过程,建立了将U型管壁的边界换热取为第三类对流换热条件的二维非稳态传热模型,并对其温度分布进行了数值模拟分析．分析结果表明：U型埋管换热器管壁内对流换热热阻和管壁导热热阻对U型埋管换热器及其周围土壤非稳态传热过程的影响较小,但相互热干扰造成进、出水管壁自身各角度的温度存在明显差异．各处土壤温度达到准稳定阶段所需要的时间随其与U型埋管的距离增加而增加．     

气雾射流动态传热实验研究

设计搭建了气雾射流动态传热实验装置,建立了二维非稳态导热反问题模型,研究了表面温度和表面热流密度的时间分布.结果表明在冷却过程中缸体穿越喷射区与淌水区历经了几个不同的换热阶段,温度曲线出现了明显的周期性的特点,成功的模拟了连铸二冷气雾冷却周期性换热的特征.     

45钢淬火过程中传导方程逆问题求解

通过求解４５钢圆柱体淬火过程中含相变时的热传导逆问题，给出一种由实验测量的温度－时间关系和数值计算相结合确定表面换热系数的方法。该法适用于各种淬火液，能避免由于实验条件微波变化而引起的表面换热系数实测值的误差。