焦化加热炉爆管故障分析与预防

焦化加热炉炉管内的物料通常为有杂质容易结焦的混合渣油,如果设计不合理、操作控制不当、运行周期过长等,极易造成炉管爆管事故。以2005年9月大庆石化分公司炼油厂焦化加热炉爆管故障为例,阐述了焦化加热炉的爆管原因、故障处理及预防措施,认为注水量小、渣油中含催化剂、负荷偏离设计工况、烧焦周期和烧焦速度不当等引起严重结焦是爆管的主要原因。     

栅板注射模设计

分析了栅板零件的工艺性 ,介绍了栅板注射模的设计方案及设计要点 ,并对浇注系统的设计计算作了较详细的阐述。该模具经生产验证 ,各部件动作灵活、可靠 ,生产的塑件质量符合要求。     

注蒸汽开发稠油油藏采收率计算公式探讨

从辽河油区的地质条件和开发特征出发．立足单因素分析，在着重研究渗进率、净总厚度比和单层厚度对原油采收率影响的基础上。利用《价值工程》中的“功能重要评价法”，优化出不同类型稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐和蒸汽驱开发阶段的采收率计算公式．经实际资料验证，该公式对油田开发前期确定采收率丰和可采储量，具有较好的适用性。     

套管液压式φ106mm密封加固系统研究

针对套管液压式φ100mm密封加固系统在实际应用中的缺点,开展了大通径密封加固技术专题研究.研制的套管液压式φ106mm密封加固器承压达30 MPa以上,悬挂力达到500kN以上,可下入φ100mm小直径分层管柱.现场应用见到了明显的效果,为提高小直径分采分注管柱寿命创造了条件.     

Urea briquette applicator for transplanted rice

A plunger-type, completely hand-operated applicator prototype, made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), for deep placement of urea briquettes (UB), i.e., pillow-shaped urea supergranules with edges, in line transplanted rice has been developed for use by small-scale rice farmers. The field evaluation of the applicator was conducted in the Philippines during the 1989 dry season. The applicator consistently placed UB at proper depth (7 to 8 cm), which resulted in low concentrations of urea N (<7 ppm) in about 4 cm of floodwater 1 day after placement. These findings indicated that the prototype worked properly. Average work output of the applicator was 0.20 ha workday^–1 and may increase with practice. The yields of irrigated transplanted rice in the field trials show that agronomic efficiencies of hand-placed UB and applicator-placed UB were equal and were superior to those of split-applied prilled urea.     

VCSEL的偏振特性随注入电流变化的实验研究

注入电流是影响VCSEL偏振特性的重要因素。谊论文通过实验，测量了VCSEL的出射光偏振特性随着注入电流的变化。观察到了两次偏振转换的过程，即随着注入电流的升高出射偏振光由椭圆偏振光——圆偏振光——椭圆偏振光——圆偏振光——椭圆偏振光的过程，并且在变化的过程中电流的变化范围很小。     

GZF高压注水井口测试防喷器的研究与应用

针对高压 (2 5MPa以上 )分层注水井进行井下分层流量测试时 ,上顶力大 ,仪器下井困难 ,井口喷漏严重 ,测试工人劳动强度大等问题 ,研制了GZF高压注水测试井口防喷器。这种防喷器采用节流降压原理进行设计 ,主要由自动输送钢丝装置、节流降压密封装置和防喷管总成 3部分组成 ,是一种用于高压注水井下测试和投捞调配的井口辅助工具 ,具有井口防喷和输送钢丝两大功能。现场试验证明 ,该防喷器结构紧凑、安装使用方便、密封可靠 ,使用井口压力可达 35MPa,自动化程度高 ,可保证仪器顺利下井 ,同时还将高空人力手送钢丝改为远距离自动输送 ,操作灵活、简单安全。特别适用于低渗高压分层注水井的井下测试和投捞。     

油田热采注汽管道在线检测技术现状

稠油热采注汽管道由于长期在高温、高压下运行,极易发生各种损伤,如腐蚀、裂纹、材料退化等,极易造成管道承压能力降低,发生失效事故。如何检测出潜在危险性缺陷,判断注汽管道能否继续使用,是保证注汽管道安全运行的关键问题。探讨了高温压力管道在线检测技术发展现状及其应用范围。     

提高高炉煤比的措施与效果

分析了影响高炉煤比提高的主要因素，提出了提高高炉煤比的改进措施，通过技术攻关，高炉煤比在无富氧条件下达到了100kg／t以上，降本增效效果明显。     

Green and self-lubricating polyoxymethylene composites filled with low-density polyethylene and rice husk flour

Polyoxymethylene (POM) composites filled with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and rice husk flour (RHF) were prepared by injection molding. The POM/5 wt % LDPE/7.5 wt % RHF composite exhibited the lowest wear rate, whereas the coefficient of friction remained low, and the POM/5 wt % LDPE/5 wt % RHF composite had the best mechanical properties. X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out, and the worn surfaces were examined with scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the addition of the filler reduced the crystallinity degree of the POM composites. The main wear mechanism for unfilled POM was adhesion, whereas for the POM composites, wear seemed to occur mainly by fatigue and abrasion. It was experimentally confirmed that the POM composite filled with LDPE and RHF, which is well-performing, low-cost, and environmentally friendly, could be a potential material for tribological applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008