光生毫米波技术

在概述光生毫米波基本原理的基础上,介绍了产生毫米波的强度调制技术、光注入锁定技术、光外差技术及光电振荡器等四种方案的基本原理。通过对几种典型实验装置的分析,比较了这四种实验方案的优缺点及其发展方向。     

低温、小电流、高增益硅双极晶体管的研究与设计

介绍了一种用于低温、小注入电流条件下工作的新型多晶硅发射区双极晶体管,并给出了晶体管电流增益的低温模型。该模型考虑了低温下多子和少子的冻析效应、禁带变窄效应、Auger复合、多晶硅发射效率增强效应等。在此基础上,通过用SUPREM-Ⅲ和PISCES-Ⅱ进行了工艺模拟和器件模拟,最后完成了实际版图制作和工艺流水。对管子的测试表明,该晶体管具有极好的小电流特性,在0.5μA的注入电流下其共射电流放大倍数可高达1000,在低温(77K)下其β仍可达70左右,能够正常工作。     

PNN测井监测气液界面在马北一号注气油藏中的应用

马北一号油田为底水油藏,注水开发效果较差。为提高采收率,采用顶部注烃气重力驱技术理念,在油田首次开展了2个井组注气实验。及时掌握注气后气液界面移动情况,对于优化射孔生产方案具有较强的指导意义。PNN测井在套管井中监测地层气液界面具有较强的优势,主要通过长短源距探头计数率叠合,在气层出现较明显的离差进行判断和分析。在马北一号油田开展时间推移PNN测井26井次,及时掌握了试验井组气液界面运移情况和受效方向,为进一步优化生产方案提供了科学依据。     

基于分形理论的低渗透砂岩储层孔隙结构评价方法

DY凹陷南坡沙河街组沙四段(E_(S4))储层以低渗透为显著特征,孔隙结构复杂,给储层有效性评价带来一定的困难。根据岩心、铸体薄片、压汞等分析资料,对E_(S4)低渗透砂岩储层孔隙结构进行分析,将其细分为3大类5小类。基于分形理论,利用压汞曲线、核磁共振T_2谱及CT图像分别探讨了分形维数和孔隙结构类型间的关系,明确了分形维数可以用于孔隙结构类型的表征,并试图推广运用到测井曲线上,但发现测井曲线分形与孔隙结构类型关系不明显,进而通过J函数提取了更能反映孔隙结构的参数R(K/ф~(1/2))曲线,而不同孔隙结构类型的储层可通过求取R曲线的盒维数(D_R)进行表征,并将声波、密度曲线结合起来,进行三维交会,基本能够识别井筒剖面不同层段的孔隙结构类型。     

裂缝性油藏注水井压降试井解释方法及应用

为了更加准确地描述裂缝性油藏注水井的动态特征,得到更多关于地层和测试井的可靠信息,基于BuckleyLeverrett饱和度分布方程,建立了裂缝性油藏注水井压降试井解释模型,并对模型进行了数值求解,获得了裂缝性油藏注水井压降试井典型拟合图版。根据压降导数曲线特征,将流动过程划分为7个流动段:井筒储集效应阶段、表皮效应阶段、基质向裂缝窜流阶段、水区径向流阶段、油水两相区响应阶段、总系统径向流阶段和边界响应阶段。油、水黏度差异会导致双对数曲线上翘。建立的试井解释模型可计算注水前缘的位置,分析注水井周围地层信息及边界情况。研究结果对注水井的动态评价、注水方案的设计具有重要意义。     

The influence of steam injection for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) on the quality of crude oil

Currently, due to reduction of oil reservoirs and the increasing need for oil as the main source for world energy, the need for production of heavy oil reservoirs is inevitable. The main purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of some operational and reservoir parameters and their impact on thermal and productive efficiency of thermal process of steam injection and quality of crude oil. In order to model the process, Eclipse-300 simulator was employed. Detection of these parameters, in addition to determining the best production scenario, can lead to the use of this method with better economic conditions. Hence, the results obtained from this study show that the optimal values obtained for operational parameters of stream injection such as steam quality, steam injection pressure, injection rate and well completion injection depth. The simulation results show that the use of optimal values of steam injection parameters can enhance efficiency of steam injection method and can make this method considered as third EOR method in heavy oil reservoirs than previously known in the petroleum industry.     

Prediction of asphaltene precipitation during gas injection

Maintaining the flow of multiphase fluid from the reservoir to the surface has been an important issue with wide economic importance for the petroleum industry. Asphaltene precipitation due to change in temperature, pressure, and composition of oil can adversely affect the oil flow to the surface by reducing the available diameter of the tubing. In this study, the precipitation of asphaltene from an Iranian crude oil was investigated. To do our study, through information about asphaltene instability in the live oil during both natural depletion and gas injection conditions about oil sample from Iranian oil field was gathered. Then, the solid model and scaling model were utilized to predict the weight percent of precipitated asphaltene at a wide range of the pressure and temperature. Results of the work revealed that both models predict the increase in weight percent of precipitated asphaltene when lean gas injected to the live oil at the maximum point of asphaltene instability. In addition, the study showed that both models are capable of predicting the experimental data of asphaltene precipitation; while scaling modeling is more reliable when the gas is injected to the oil.     

基于油水相渗数据的驱油效率计算方法

为了评价油藏水驱开发效果,根据Welge方程以及油水两相相对渗透率测试数据,建立了快速绘制含水率、驱油效率与注入孔隙体积倍数关系曲线的方法。应用实例表明,该方法为评价油藏开发潜力提供了一种新的手段,同时可有效弥补室内实验测试过程中带来的误差,对于油藏动态分析、产量预测等方面具有重要意义。     

基于相渗曲线的油藏注入水利用状况评价方法

针对现有油藏注入水利用状况评价方法不能适应油藏阶段注采比不断变化的问题,提出了基于相渗曲线的油藏注入水利用状况评价方法。首先,根据油藏归一化相渗曲线,确定油藏含水上升规律描述方程。其次,根据油藏不同阶段实际可采储量采出程度,采用由归一化相渗曲线确定的油藏含水上升规律描述方程,计算对应的理论含水率,再结合油藏不同阶段实际注采比,进而计算油藏不同阶段的理论阶段存水率和理论阶段水驱指数偏离量。然后,根据油藏不同阶段实际注采比和实际含水率,计算油藏不同阶段的实际阶段存水率和实际阶段水驱指数偏离量,绘制实际(理论)阶段存水率和实际(理论)阶段水驱指数偏离量随时间的变化曲线。最后,通过对比理论曲线和实际曲线,评价油藏的注入水利用状况。采用该方法对老君庙L油藏西区注入水利用状况进行了评价。结果表明:1970年以前,注入水利用状况较差;1970年以后,注入水利用状况较好。     

基于遗传算法的怠速工况最优模糊控制系统设计

结合小排量电喷发动机的结构特点，设计了怠速工况的模糊控制系统。利用遗传算法对模糊隶属度函数进行优化，根据优化参数得到最优模糊控制器。在发动机试验台上对基于经验参数的模糊控制系统和最优模糊控制系统怠速工况下转速变化进行了测试，绘制了速度输出曲线。研究表明，最优模糊控制系统具有较好的控制效果。