Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on the shelf-life of coated, whole and sliced mushrooms

Whole and sliced fresh mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) were packaged with PVC wrap or two polyolefins (PD-941 and PD-961) films after coating with CaCl₂ and chitosan. Package gas composition, color, weight loss and maturity were measured during storage at 12 °C and 80%RH. For PD-961, the highest in-package concentration occurred during the first day of storage regardless of treatments, while wrap and PD-941 showed varying degrees in-package concentration with different processes and coatings. The whiteness of whole mushrooms varied significantly with the type of coating, but not with the type of films. The extent of darkening was greater in coated whole mushrooms than in sliced ones. Weight loss occurred in all packages and varied from 3 (g/100 g) to about 7 (g/100 g) after 6 days of storage. Due to a lower permeability, PD-961 packages had the lowest weight loss. The type of packaging films significantly affected the maturity index, where PD-961 most effectively lowered maturity index for both whole and sliced mushrooms, thus extending the shelf-life. The type of coating did not appear to affect maturity index except for the wrap package where chitosan coating markedly lowered the maturity index of sliced mushrooms.     

Factors Affecting 1-Octen-3-ol in Mushrooms at Harvest and During Postharvest Storage

Harvesting experiments revealed that immature whole mushrooms with closed veils had higher 1-octen-3-0l levels than more mature whole mushrooms with open veils. The l-octen-3-01 content of the gills was higher in immature mushrooms with closed veils, gradually decreased with maturity as the veil opened, and finally increased after the gills were well exposed. Postharvest experiments demonstrated that storage temperature influenced the activity of lipoxygenase-hydroperoxide lyase, but no differences in 1-octen-3-01 content were observed. Enzyme activity as well as 1-octen-3-01 content decreased during storage. Addition of calcium chloride to irrigation water, employed to improve quality and shelf life of fresh mushrooms, increased the amount of l-octen-3-01 immediately after harvest.     

Pleurotusostreatus and Agaricus subrufescens: investigation of chemical composition and antioxidant properties of these mushrooms cultivated with different handmade and commercial supplements

In this study, the chemical composition, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ORAC and FRAP assays) of A. subrufescens and P. ostreatus, cultivated with handmade and commercials supplements, were compared. Additionally, the compounds ergosterol, saccharopine, and hexitol were identified in A. subrufescens by HPLC-MS/MS. The antioxidant compound p-coumaric acid and dihexoses was found in both mushroom species. A. subrufescens presented higher total phenolic content (73.8 ± 0.6 mg GAE 100 g⁻¹) and antioxidant activity than P. ostreatus (16.6 ± 0.5 mg GAE 100 g⁻¹). The handmade supplement based on the waste of noble grains presented statistically similar phenolic content to the mushrooms cultivated with commercial ones Spawn Mate II SE (86.1 ± 1.4 and 92.9 ± 0.3 mg GAE 100 g⁻¹, respectively). Therefore, the results support the use of handmade supplements based on agro-wastes as a viable alternative to the use of high-cost commercial ones.     

利用富硒双孢菇粉提升酱油有机硒含量和改善酱油风味

该研究利用临期和损伤富硒双孢菇制备富硒双孢菇粉,以其替代15%质量分数的面粉,按照高盐稀态工艺生产富硒酱油（样品酱油）。结果显示,样品酱油总硒和有机硒含量分别达到134.65和122.53μg/kg,比对照酱油提高5.70倍和5.85倍,有机硒转化率为91.00%,符合富硒酱油标准。理化分析结果表明样品酱油总氮、氨基酸态氮和无盐固形物含量为1.72、1.03和22.56 g/100 mL,比对照酱油提高9.55%、19.77%和5.13%。此外,样品酱油蘑菇香、麦芽香、醇香和果香香气强度比对照酱油提高了5 837.17%、15.62%、20.15%和15.88%。添加富硒双孢菇粉显著提高了大曲和酱醪中蛋白酶酶活,这是富硒双孢菇粉提高酱油滋味物质含量的原因。富硒双孢菇粉中的1-辛烯-3-酮、1-辛烯-3-醇、3-辛醇和3-辛酮赋予了样品酱油蘑菇香。此外,富硒双孢菇粉促进了酱醪中产香微生物的繁殖,进而提高了样品酱油中麦芽香、醇香和果香香气强度。该研究利用临期和损伤富硒双孢菇开发了一种风味良好的富硒酱油,可为双孢菇和酱油生产企业提高产品附加值提供技术参考。     

南菇真要北移吗?——96～97产季福建省蘑菇生产形势的思考

本文就福建省96～97蘑菇产季面临的困难,回顾了福建省蘑菇业发展概况,测算了省内外下产季蘑菇产量,指出已存在南菇北移的趋势,提出防止大滑坡,保持我省蘑菇产业优势的意见。     

盐渍对双孢菇多糖的影响

将盐渍和未盐渍的双孢菇分别经热水提取、乙醇沉淀得粗多糖,结果表明未盐渍双孢菇粗多糖的得率比盐渍双孢菇粗多糖高2倍。两份粗多糖经Sevag法除去蛋白质后上DEAE-纤维素柱层析,分别用蒸馏水和0.05mol/LNaCl溶液洗脱,得到多糖纯品组分Ab-I、Ab-I’和Ab-II、Ab-II’。SepharoseCL-4B测得盐渍与未盐渍双孢菇多糖的Ab-I和Ab-I’分子量均为7.79×104。红外光谱分析表明盐渍处理对双孢菇多糖结构未产生显著影响。多糖抗氧化能力测定的结果表明未盐渍双孢菇多糖的粗品和纯品的抗氧化能力均比盐渍双孢菇多糖的高。     

蘑菇采后生理及保鲜技术研究进展

阐述蘑菇采后的生理生化变化，重点介绍了目前蘑菇贮藏保鲜技术的研究现状，并初步提出今后蘑菇保鲜技术研究的发展方向。     

微波萃取技术在姬松茸多糖提取中的应用

采用微波萃取技术对经过超临界CO2流体脱脂处理的姬松茸进行多糖的提取,经正交试验分析确定最佳工艺条件为微波功率600W,萃取时间6min,固液比为1:10,物料粒度0.147mm,粗多糖提取率为14.2%。     

灵芝、姬松茸、黄芪混合多糖配伍茶多酚复合剂免疫增强作用的研究

本文对灵芝、姬松茸、黄芪多糖+茶多酚复合剂对小鼠细胞免疫、体液免疫和非特异免疫功能的增强作用进行研究.健康雄性小鼠分别灌胃给予不同剂量的复合剂,利用绵羊红细胞(SRSC)诱导小鼠DTH(足跖增厚法淞测细胞免疫功能的变化,利用抗体生成细胞(Jeme改良载片法)和半数溶血值(HC50)体液免疫功能的变化,利用小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞试验(滴片法)检测单核-巨噬细胞活性的变化.结果表明低、中和高剂量组灵芝、姬松茸、黄芪多糖+茶多酚复合剂显著增强小鼠细胞免疫功能(P<0.01),中和高剂量组显著增强体液免疫功能和单核-巨噬细胞功能(P<0.05),复合剂对小鼠免疫器官无影响(P>0.05).