山柰挥发油化学成分的气相色谱/质谱法分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取山柰中的挥发油,经过气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用法分析,鉴定了挥发油中的28个化学成分,其中主要成分有对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯(59.96%)、肉桂酸乙酯(23.68%)、δ-3-蒈烯(6.61%)等,占挥发油总量的90.25%。     

Combination of supercritical fluid extraction with high-speed countercurrent chromatography for extraction and isolation of ethyl p-methoxycinnamate and ethyl cinnamate from Kaempferia galanga L.

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) was successfully used for the extraction and isolation of ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) and ethyl cinnamate (EC) from Kaempferia galanga L. The SFE parameters including extraction temperature, extraction pressure and entrainer volume were optimized by central composite design (CCD). Then the crude extract was separated by HSCCC with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane:ethyl acetate:methanol:water (7:3:8:2, v/v/v/v) in one-step within 60 min. As a result, 13 mg of EPMC and 2 mg of EC were isolated from 100 mg of crude extract with purities of 98.4% and 98.1%, as determined by HPLC. The structural identification was carried out by UV, MS and NMR spectra.     

固相微萃取-气质联用分析贵州沙姜挥发性成分

本文采用固相微萃取-气质联用技术分析了贵州沙姜的挥发性成分,同时,采用相应技术及傅立叶变换红外将所得主要成分与广西沙姜的成分进行了比较。结果发现:贵州沙姜的挥发性成分不同于广西沙姜,主要为爱草脑,其次是2,4,6,7,8,8a-六氢-3,8-二甲基-4(1-甲基亚乙基)-5(1H)-薁酮和塞舌尔烯。采用峰面积归一化法,对匹配度大于90%的可检索组分进行了统计和分析,结果表明:从贵州沙姜中鉴别出的挥发性成分共47个,三主要成分含量占总体的绝大多数,爱草脑、2,4,6,7,8,8a-六氢-3,8-二甲基-4(1-甲基亚乙基)-5(1H)-薁酮和塞舌尔烯的含量分别为61.53%、15.54%和7.19%;鉴别出的47个挥发性成分的分布是醚类4个、酮类3个、萜类28个、酚类3个、醇类2个、酯类2个、醛类2个、烃类3个,其中醚类、酮类、萜类化合物的含量较高,分别为62.22%、15.83%、13.68%。     

超声波辅助萃取山奈油树脂的工艺研究

以广东产山奈为原料,95％乙醇为萃取溶剂,对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯含量为参数,初步研究了超声波萃取山奈油树脂的工艺条件。实验结果表明,最佳萃取条件为：超声提取时间30min,超声波功率400W,料液比为1：25（质量比）,占空比为50％,提取温度为60℃。     

GC/MS法分析广东阳春沙姜精油的化学成分

沙姜精油是沙姜中的主要呈味成分。本文选用广东阳春所产鲜沙姜用酶解法配合水汽蒸镏提取其中精油，并对此精油进行气相色谱-质谱分析，以确定广东阳春沙姜精油的成分及含量。实验表明；沙姜精油中含30种主要成分，其中反式一对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯的含量最高(59．24％)，其它肉桂酸系列物质如顺式一对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯(6．14％)、肉桂酸乙酯(5．27％)的含量也较高。这些数据为进一步开发利用沙姜资源提供了可靠的依据。     

对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯的制备及其抑菌活性测定

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取沙姜挥发油,然后以溶剂结晶法制得对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯。通过气-质联用色谱法对其进行了结构鉴定,通过体外抑菌实验,利用纸片法和试管法分别测定了其对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、白色念珠菌和黑曲霉菌的抑菌活性和最低抑菌浓度(M IC)。结果表明,对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯对这5种常见皮肤致病菌均有良好的抑菌活性,对绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、黑曲霉菌和白色念珠菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为0.625,1.25,2.5,2.5和10.0 mg/mL。     

鲜沙姜淀粉的酶解过程及其产物的分析研究

沙姜中淀粉含量较高,极大地影响到沙姜精油的提取分离效果。在采用水气蒸馏法提取沙姜精油的过程中,我们选用了液化酶和糖化酶对沙姜淀粉进行二次酶解。并通过对沙姜淀粉、酶解产物多糖、单糖等的定量测定来监测酶解结果。对广东阳春产鲜沙姜的测定结果为:总淀粉含量7.77%;二次酶解的还原糖平均含量为9.69%;GCP测定二次酶解液中多糖的相对含量为2.8458%;HPLC测定寡糖中单糖的相对含量86.55%。以上测定结果说明一次酶解可有效地断裂淀粉,降低体系的黏度;二次酶解使蒸馏后的残渣易于过滤并与浆液分离,解决了废料污染的问题。     

CO2超临界萃取山奈油树脂的工艺

采用CO2超临界流体萃取技术从山奈中分离出山奈油树脂,研究了在超临界状态下,萃取压力、CO2泵频率、萃取温度、萃取时间等因素对山奈油树脂萃取率的影响,确定最佳工艺参数为:萃取压力20MPa,CO2频率10赫兹,萃取温度50,时间1.5小时,萃取率10.71%。     

Adaptogenic-active components from Kaempferia parviflora rhizomes

Kaempferia parviflora rhizome extracts obtained by maceration with hexane, chloroform, methanol, and ethanol were screened for their adaptogenic activities using swimming tests of mice. The effective adaptogenic extract dose was 500 mg/kg of body weight and was given orally once a day. Crude hexane extract showed significantly shorter mouse immobilisation time than those of the other and control extracts. This crude hexane extract was separated into three fractions by column chromatography. Among these fractions, the fraction rich in terpenoids possessed the highest adaptogenic activity and was comparable to that of the crude ginseng root powder used as a reference control. Therefore, terpenes contained in this fraction could be attributed to the decrease in exhaustion during the swimming of mice. There was no effect on body weight, heart, liver, kidneys, and adrenal glands of the mice. Chemical characterisation of this adaptogenic-active fraction by NMR and GC-MS showed germacene D, β-elemene, α-copaene, and E-caryophyllene as major constituents. Accordingly, these terpenes are considered the adaptogenic agents of K. parviflora rhizomes.     

BP神经网络在沙姜总黄酮提取中的应用

为获得沙姜总黄酮提取的优化工艺,以乙醇体积分数、溶剂用量、提取温度和提取时间作为影响因素,进行了沙姜总黄酮提取的单因素试验和正交试验。以获得的25个单因素试验结果和9个正交试验结果作为训练样本,设计和训练了4-5-1结构的3层BP人工神经网络。再运用训练好的网络对设计的这些工艺组合进行预测,获得了2组总黄酮得率较高的提取工艺。结果显示,通过人工神经网络获得沙姜中总黄酮物质的最佳提取工艺为:以80%的乙醇溶液为溶剂,料液比为1:90,在75℃下提取10h,在此条件下得到的总黄酮得率为0.950mg/g,比正交试验最佳工艺条件下获得的总黄酮得率提高了2.4%。