绿色蕨菜贮藏加工的研究

概述了在pH8.0的烫漂液中加锌盐对绿色蕨菜进行贮藏加工的技术,结果非常满意,克服了传统腌制蕨菜营养损失以及钠离子含量过高问题。     

The applied pretreatment (blanching,ascorbic acid) at the manufacture process affects the quality of nectarine purée processed by hydrostatic high pressure

A nectarine purée was manufactured with different pretreatments (thermal blanching or ascorbic acid – AA – addition), and then, the purée was processed by high‐pressure treatment to evaluate the effect of the initial manufacture conditions in the stability of the processed purées. A thermal treatment was also carried out to compare the effect with the high‐pressure processing (HPP). All applied processes were effective to ensure the microbiological safety of the purées. However, the pretreatment (thermal blanching or AA addition) applied during the manufacture affected the final quality of the processed purées. Initially, the AA addition had a protective effect on colour degradation during the manufacture of the purées; however, when these purées were treated by HPP showed less colour stability during storage, lower bioactive compounds content, and antioxidant activity. In contrast, purées with an initial thermal blanching maintained better the quality after HPP and during storage.     

Optimisation and modelling green bean's ultrasound blanching

Using of ultrasound in food processing is a novel and interesting technique, which is often complementary to classical methods. This study reports on the ultrasound blanching (USB) of green bean. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the effect of process variables on the USB. Three independent variables including temperature (50–90 °C), time (45–225 s) and duty cycle (0.2–0.8 s) were examined. The optimal USB conditions were obtained with a temperature of 90 °C, USB time of 58.27 s and duty cycle of 0.79 s. At these conditions, the residual peroxidase activity (RPA) determined as 9.64% and the vitamin C loss as 8.92%. The experimental values under optimal condition were in good consistent with the predicted values. According to the results, the USB process is more efficient process and as well as less damage to the product compared to the conventional blanching method.     

Effect of blanching and drying treatments on quality of bamboo shoot slices

The enzymes activity, texture, pectin, microstructure and colour change in bamboo shoots (Dendrocalamus latiflorus) were examined to evaluate the effect of blanching and drying treatments on quality of bamboo shoot slices (BSS). Peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase and polyphenol oxidase in BSS will become completely inactive at 95 °C for 6‐, 9‐ and 12‐min blanching treatments, respectively. The hardness and protopectin (PP) content decreased after the blanching treatment. Meanwhile, the content of water‐soluble pectin increased initially and then decreased gradually during the blanching. After the blanching treatment, the L* and a* of BSS decreased, while b* increased, ΔE > 2. The hardness of rehydrated BSS decreased by 43.57% after freeze drying (FD), which, however, decreased more after hot air drying (HAD). The pectin of rehydrated BSS was also determined to explain the hardness change in BSS. The BSS acquired similar microstructure of fresh samples after FD, while microstructure of BSS was severely damaged after HAD. The colour of BSS changes significantly after drying treatment. However, FD can maintain better colour of BSS than HAD. The results may provide a reference for industrial production of BSS.     

加工处理方式对冲菜中硫代葡萄糖苷的影响

采用高效液相色谱法,对冲菜中主要的硫代葡萄糖苷种类和含量进行分析,并选择微波、热烫和蒸汽3种方法对冲菜进行处理,研究冲菜中硫代葡萄糖苷在不同处理过程中的热降解情况。结果表明：冲菜中含有两类硫代葡萄糖苷：脂肪族和吲哚族硫苷,其中含量较高的3种硫代葡萄糖苷分别为progoitrin、glucobrassicin和4-methoxyglucobrassicin;硫代葡萄糖苷在微波、热烫和蒸汽3种处理过程中的热降解均符合一级热降解动力学模型,其中glucotropaeolin的热稳定性均最差;对冲菜中总硫代葡萄糖苷的降解作用从大到小的顺序依次为：蒸汽、热烫、微波,但是微波处理最能促使对十字花科蔬菜中风味贡献最大的脂肪族硫苷的降解。     

冷水浸泡和沸水漂烫预处理对牛肉挥发性成分的影响

采用电子鼻技术、同时蒸馏萃取和气相色谱-质谱（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS）法研 究2 种预处理方式（冷水浸泡2 h和沸水漂烫40 s）对牛肉挥发性风味成分的影响。电子鼻分析结果表明,2 种预处 理方式牛肉的气味有明显差异。GC-MS测定结果表明：冷水浸泡2 h和沸水漂烫40 s的牛肉中分别鉴定出35、39 种 挥发性成分,2 种预处理方式牛肉中共鉴定出48 种挥发性成分,其中共有成分26 种,且2 种预处理方式牛肉中的挥 发性成分种类和含量有较大差异。冷水浸泡能更多地保留牛肉风味物质中的醛类物质,使牛肉的脂香味浓郁,香味 成分更丰富,因此预处理温度是造成牛肉风味差异的主要因素。     

Effect of preheating on potato texture

Preheating potatoes at 50 to 80°C has a firming effect on the cooked potato tissue. This effect is particularly pronounced at a preheating temperature of 60 to 70°C followed by cooling. Several theories have been presented in the literature to explain this firming effect: retrogradation of starch, leaching of amylose, stabilization of the middle lamellae and cell walls by the activation of the pectin methylesterase (PME) enzyme, and by the release of calcium from gelatinized starch and the formation of calcium bridges between pectin molecules. Most probably, none of these theories alone can explain the phenomenon and more than one mechanism seems to be involved. Some of these mechanisms seem to be interdependent. As an example, calcium could be considered as a link all the way through release after starch gelatinization to cross‐linking pectin substances in the cell wall and the middle lamellae, which has been demethylated by the PME enzyme. More research and “clear cut” experiments are needed in order to elucidate the role of each mechanism, especially which of them is the main contributor to the process of firming. Most probably, the calcium‐pectin‐PME mechanism plays a secondary role, that is, it only retards the collapse of the tissue structure that would otherwise occur during the final heating without preheating, and it is not the main factor of firmness.     

生姜速冻前热烫工艺的实验研究

对速冻籽姜冻结前的热烫工艺进行了研究,分析了漂烫温度、时间对原料过氧化物酶活性、Vc含量及感官品质带来的影响,确定了漂烫工艺的最佳参数。