Frying quality and stability of low-and ultra-low-linolenic acid soybean oils

To determine effects of very low levels of linolenic acid on frying stabilities of soybean oils, tests were conducted with 2% (low) linolenic acid soybean oil (LLSBO) and 0.8% (ultra-low) linolenic acid soybean oil (ULLSBO) in comparison with cottonseed oil (CSO). Potato chips were fried in the oils for a total of 25 h of oil use. No significant differences were found for either total polar compounds or FFA between samples of LLSBO and ULLSBO; however, CSO had significantly higher percentage of polar compounds and FFA than the soybean oils at all sampling times. Flavor evaluations of fresh and aged (1, 3, 5, and 7 wk at 25°C) potato chips showed some differences between potato chips fried in different oil types. Sensory panel judges reported that potato chips fried in ULLSBO and aged for 3 or 7 wk at 25°C had significantly lower intensities of fishy flavor than did potato chips fried in LLSBO with the same conditions. Potato chips fried in ULLSBO that had been used for 5 h and then aged 7 wk at 25°C had significantly better quality than did potato chips fried 5 h in LLSBO and aged under the same conditions. Hexanal was significantly higher in the 5-h LLSBO sample than in potato chips fried 5 h in ULLSBO. The decrease in linolenic acid from 2 to 0.8% in the oils improved flavor quality and oxidative stability of some of the potato chip samples.     

Addition of ferulic acid,ethyl ferulate,and feruloylated monoacyl- and diacylglycerols to salad oils and frying oils

To determine antioxidative effects of ferulic acid and esterified ferulic acids, these compounds were added to soybean oils (SBO), which were evaluated for oxidative stability and frying stability. Additives included feruloylated MAG and DAG (FMG/FDG), ferulic acid, ethyl ferulate, and TBHQ. After frying tests with potato chips, oils were analyzed for retention of additives and polar compounds. Chips were evaluated for hexanal and rancid odor. After 15 h frying, 71% of FMG/FDG was retained, whereas 55% of ethyl ferulate was retained. TBHQ and ferulic acid levels were 6% and <1%, respectively. Frying oils with ethyl ferulate or TBHQ produced significantly less polar compounds than SBO with no additives. Chips fried in SBO with TBHQ or ferulic acid had significantly lower amounts of hexanal and significantly less rancid odor after 8 d at 60°C than other samples. Oils were also aged at 60°C, and stability was analyzed by PV, hexanal, and rancid odor. Oils with TBHQ or FMG/FDG had significantly less peroxides and hexanal, and a lower rancid odor intensity than the control. FMG/FDG inhibited deterioration at 60°C, whereas ethyl ferulate inhibited the formation of polar compounds in frying oil. Ferulic acid acted as an antioxidant in aged fried food. TBHQ inhibited oil degradation at both temperatures. Presented at the 94th AOCS Meeting & Expo, Kansas City, MO, May 4–7, 2003.     

鱼鳞胶原蛋白对油炸壳层品质的影响

为了改善油炸食品的品质,研究了向裹层面糊中添加玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、麦芽糊精、谷朊粉、大豆分离蛋白、羟丙基甲基纤维素、黄原胶、瓜尔胶和鱼鳞胶原蛋白对180℃条件下油炸2min壳层的含水量、吸油量、L*、a*、b*、色度、色彩角和脆度的影响,并考察了鱼鳞胶原蛋白对油炸壳层品质的影响。结果表明:添加鱼鳞胶原蛋白可改善油炸壳层的金黄色泽且效果优于实验中其他类添加物。玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉和黄原胶可降低壳层7%~12%的含油量,添加麦芽糊精、大豆分离蛋白和CMC可降低壳层5%左右的含油量,而谷朊粉、HPMC和瓜尔胶则可降低壳层1%的吸油量。添加0.2%、0.5%和1%的鱼鳞胶原蛋白可以降低油炸壳层1%~2%的吸油量,且添加1%鱼鳞胶原蛋白壳层的吸油量降低最多,而添加2%、5%和7.5%的鱼鳞胶原蛋白增加了油炸壳层的吸油量。2%与7.5%的鱼鳞胶原蛋白可改善油炸壳层和微波复热壳层的脆性。      

油炸糯米糕顶空固相微萃取优化及其风味物质分析

自制油炸纯糯米糕,采用单因素实验和正交实验对顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）香气成分的条件进行优化,结合气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）法测定其挥发性风味成分。结果表明,油炸糯米糕风味物质最佳萃取条件为:取1.5 g样品萃取量加入到顶空进样瓶中,使用二乙烯基苯/碳分子筛/聚二甲基硅氧烷（DVB/CAR/PDMS）（50/30μm）萃取头,在60℃条件下萃取80 min;油炸糯米糕中共检测出68种风味物质,其中烃类物质11种,醇类6种,醛类20种,酸类2种,酮类9种,酯类5种,吡嗪类11种,呋喃类2种,苯酚和吡咯啉各1种,其中主要是醛类、吡嗪类和酮类物质,相对含量分别为68.71%、8.36%和7.63%。      

A Comparison Study of Frying Conditions on Furan Formation in 3 Potato Varieties

Furan, a typical food contaminant formed by heating process, is classified as a possible carcinogen to humans. Many factors lead to the formation of furan in food processing. In our present study, 3 potato varieties, white potato, sweet potato, and purple potato were selected to investigate the effect of thermal processing temperature and time on furan formation. The results showed that the formation of furan was highly correlated with frying temperature and time. Among the 3 potato varieties, sweet potato resulted in the highest furan concentration when fried at 200 °C for 5 min. In addition, the frying temperature and time also influenced the water activity and the color of the 3 kinds of potato slices, which had significant correlation with the formation of furan. Furan concentration decreased along with the increasing of water activity in the 3 potato varieties and the changes presented regression relationships. Meanwhile, there was an inverse correlation between furan content and color changes in the 3 potato varieties. The level of furan decreased as total color changes (ΔE) increased and the changes also presented regression relationships. These results could be used to estimate the possibility of furan formation in the 3 varieties of potato slices systems.     

Acrylamide in daily food in the metropolitan area of Hanoi,Vietnam

ABSTRACT

Acrylamide, a colourless and odourless crystalline solid, formed via the Maillard reaction in food, has been reported with harmful properties for humans, such as toxicity and carcinogenicity. Three hundred and four processed food samples from 17 product types, collected in Hanoi, Vietnam, were analyzed by LC-MS/MS to measure the acrylamide concentration. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of acrylamide were 1 µg Kg^?1 and 3 µg Kg^?1, respectively. Effectively, the highest acrylamide content is usually found in processed food, which is one of the primary reasons of increased acrylamide content in food. All French fried samples contained acrylamide above 500 µg kg^?1. Acrylamide concentration in non-fried noodle, vermicelli, rice noodle, ph?, dried vegetable, and rice cracker is lower than in potato chips, fried potatoes, fried cake, and fried noodles. The results could be helpful to estimate exposure and risk assessment of acrylamide in Vietnam.     

超声波协同氯化钙对油炸猪肉片嫩度和感官品质的影响

探讨不同超声波强度协同不同浓度Ca Cl2溶液对油炸猪肉片的嫩度和感官品质的影响。以质构、剪切力、水分含量、感官评定为测定指标,肉片经预处理、挂糊、油炸、冷却、复炸后测定肉制品的各个指标。结果表明:单独使用超声波或氯化钙对肉片的嫩度、水分含量、感官影响都不明显,超声强度180w/m2协同Ca Cl210%对肉片质构影响最大,硬度下降了34%,粘度增加40%;超声强度180w/m2协同Ca Cl210%实验组的肉片剪切力比对照组下降了10.61N;超声强度180w/m2协同Ca Cl210%的肉片水分含量增加23.31%;超声强度200w/m2协同Ca Cl25%感官评定的总分最高为62分。     

淀粉和食用胶对油炸面制品油脂含量和油脂分布的影响

研究了淀粉种类及配比和食用胶种类及添加量对油炸面制品油脂含量和油脂分布的影响。采用索氏抽提法测定油炸面制品中的油脂含量,采用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜测定其断面的油脂分布。结果表明:以20%的木薯淀粉与80%的A4小麦淀粉为原料,加入0.5%酪朊酸钠、1%食用盐、0.5%Na HCO3、0.5%KHCO3、40%水,制作出的油炸面制品不仅油脂含量低而且油脂分布均匀。     

炒籽温度对茶油关键香气成分及感官品质的影响

为分析炒籽温度对茶油关键香气成分及感官品质的影响,并比较海南和湖南两地产热榨茶油的香气成分与感官品质间的相关性和差异,通过HS-SPME-GC-MS分析海南茶油及不同炒籽温度处理的湖南茶油的香气成分组成,计算ROAV值确定其关键香气成分,并进行感官分析,建立PLS模型。结果表明,海南茶油和湖南炒籽茶油中最主要的香气成分为(E)-2-癸烯醛、壬醛、苯乙醛、2,5-二甲基吡嗪和3-乙基-2,5-二甲基吡嗪;随着炒籽温度升高,炒籽茶油的黄色评分降低,红色、褐色显著升高,茶油清香味逐渐减少,烤香味逐渐增加;海南茶油均具有较强的茶油清香味和烤香味,湖南炒籽茶油在较高温度处理下会产生相似的烤香味,但茶油清香味普遍低于海南茶油,因此湖南产茶籽通过海南传统高温炒籽方法制得的茶油,其香气与海南茶油仍有一定的区别。此外,对关键香气成分与感官属性建立PLS模型,交叉验证相关系数Q2为0.901,说明该模型具有较好的预测热榨茶油香气品质的能力。     

漂烫对真空油炸银杏果品质的影响

以大佛指银杏果为原料,研究漂烫温度和时间对银杏果POD酶失活时间、水分含量、淀粉糊化度,以及对真空油炸银杏果微观结构、质构、脂肪含量、色泽和感官品质的影响。结果表明:随着漂烫温度和时间的增大,POD酶失活时间逐渐缩短,而银杏果中淀粉糊化度和水分含量逐渐升高;漂烫时间越长真空油炸银杏果的脆性和色泽越好,但真空油炸银杏果的脂肪含量越高;100℃漂烫5min时银杏果真空油炸后能形成多孔状,且感官评分最高。综合考虑,采用100℃条件下对银杏果进行漂烫5min处理。