Production and structural features of a water-soluble polysaccharide from a mutant strain of Agrobacterium sp.

We have developed a mutant strain derived from Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31750, which produces a water-soluble polysaccharide having potential utility to the food, feed, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. A high concentration of product (15 g/L) is obtained by 48 h cultivation of the mutant strain under optimized fermentation conditions. The water-soluble polysaccharide obtained from cultures of the mutant strain beta82 has Glc:Man:Gal in approximate molar ratios of 5.8:6.7:1.0. The molecular weight of the polysaccharide was determined to be approximately 1000 kDa by HPSEC analysis. Linkage analysis contained 3-Glcp, 3-Manp, terminal Glcp and terminal Manp, as well as a small proportion of 3- and 3,4-Galp, and 4,6-Manp residues. Based on analyses using FT-IR and ¹³C NMR spectrometers, most glycosidic bonds joining these sugar residues are of the α-type, and acetyl groups are apparently attached to the polymer chain at random.     

正交实验优选盐生藻多糖的提取工艺

以盐生藻为原料,盐生藻多糖得率为指标,运用稀酸、稀碱和蒸馏水为提取剂提取盐生藻多糖,得出合适的提取剂为稀酸.进一步的正交实验表明,盐生藻多糖的最适提取工艺为:提取75min,pH=4,固液比为1∶70,温度为95℃.     

Dietary fibre of coconuts from a pacific atoll: Soluble and insoluble components in relation to maturity

Polysaccharide fractions were measured in coconuts at three stages of maturity, which corresponded to dietary usage in the Tokelau Islands of the South Pacific. Kernel was sequentially extracted with cold water (CW), hot water (HW) hot 0.5% ammonium oxalate (HOX), 1M H² SO⁴ and 72% H² SO⁴, and the monosaccharide compositions of the fractions determined. Total readily soluble fractions (CW+HW+HOX) were predominantly galactomannan, and decreased from 77% of the polysaccharide in the immature kernel to 8.8% of that in the mature kernel. Insoluble mannan increased during maturation to be the major polysaccharide component in mature kernel. This indicates that marked differences exist between the three stages of maturity examined, in the properties of their dietary fibre. The results suggest that in studies of diets in which coconut is a staple part, there is a need for careful definition of the coconut component with respect to maturity. Furthermore, they show the importance of using dietary fibre methods which are appropriate to the solubility characteristics of the indigestible polysaccharide.     

银耳多糖超声波提取工艺优化及抗BV2细胞炎症的作用研究

以银耳为原料, 采用超声波辅助热水浸提法提取银耳多糖, 以多糖提取率为指标, 以超声波功率、提取料液比、提取温度和提取时间为影响因素, 设计单因素试验, 并通过正交试验得到较佳提取工艺。通过用TRPV1(Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid1)试剂盒检测了小胶质细胞TRPV1的释放水平, 与脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide, LPS)对照组相比, 不同质量浓度的银耳多糖组(62.5, 250, 1000 μg/mL)均能不同程度地抑制TRPV1的释放量。说明了银耳多糖对于BV2小胶质细胞炎症具有良好的抑制作用。     

角蛋白基药物载体的发展及应用探讨

从毛发中提取角蛋白，开发具有独特功能的角蛋白基药物载体材料，提高药物的活性和生物利用率，既能够增加毛发的利用价值，又能够实现节能减排，符合可持续发展战略要求。对毛发中提取角蛋白进行二硫键重建、自由基聚合、多糖改性和烷基化等改性处理，赋予角蛋白基药物载体优异地功能特性，进一步拓宽其作为角蛋白基药物载体的应用范围。角蛋白基药物载体可被加工成纳米粒子、纤维支架、水凝胶等各种形式用于药物的递送。作为一种高硫含量且具有良好细胞相容性的结构蛋白，角蛋白基药物载体在组织工程、再生医学等领域扮演着重要的角色。     

A群脑膜炎球菌多糖菌苗的接种反应及血清学效果

本文对A群脑膜炎球菌多糖菌苗不同剂量、针次和不同年龄儿童接种后反应及血清学效果进行了研究。根据上海市区和山东青州市儿童接种一般反应以及青州市10万余名儿童接种后异常反应观察表明,接种50μg和30μg菌苗后的反应都是很轻微的,但3岁以下婴幼儿的接种反应高于7岁儿童。3岁以下婴幼儿中强体温反应,50μg高于30μg;两种剂量菌苗接种后的免疫应答相似,接种2针后的杀菌抗体水平高于1针,13～24月龄幼儿接种后的杀菌抗体水平明显高于6～12月龄婴儿,但均低于7岁儿童。     

微波真空干燥高粘度的灵芝浓缩液

热敏性、高粘度物料的干燥仍是现代干燥技术中的一个难题。灵芝水提后，由薄膜蒸发器浓缩至含水量70％左右，然后采用微波真空干燥（真空度3000Pa）至水分含量10％左右，改用传统的电热真空干燥（55～60℃）至含水量6％～7％。对干燥产品的主要生物活性成分——灵芝多糖和三萜酸进行了分析检测并与其它干燥方法进行了比较。结果表明：利用微波真空干燥的灵芝产品其灵芝多糖和三萜酸的保留率与冷冻干燥产品十分接近。而比传统真空干燥（60—65℃）的产品要高得多，此外采用微波真空干燥的干燥时间要短得多。     

肺炎链球菌荚膜多糖-破伤风类毒素结合疫苗两种免疫途径对小鼠抗体应答的比较

目的比较肺炎链球菌荚膜多糖-破伤风类毒素结合疫苗两种免疫途径对小鼠的抗体应答。方法选NIH小鼠,分别经皮下和腹腔途径免疫3次同等剂量的结合疫苗,每次间隔2周,用ELISA方法检测两种途径免疫小鼠的血清抗体滴度。结果结合疫苗经腹腔免疫后的抗体滴度优于皮下免疫。小鼠经腹腔免疫3次后,血清抗体的几何平均滴度分别是第1次免疫的6·6倍和3·5倍。结论结合疫苗经腹腔免疫较皮下免疫获得的抗体应答水平高。     

不同剂量A群脑膜炎球菌多糖菌苗的反应

应用30和50μg A 群脑膜炎球菌多糖菌苗,接种不同年龄组儿童和青少年、观察其全身和局部反应及大面积普种的异常反应。结果表明:接种30和50μg 菌苗后全身和局部反应轻微,两种剂量的接种反应无差别,仅有两个点接种两个不同年龄组时出现50μg 的全身及局部反应高于30μg。普种50多万人均未发生异常反应。     

积雪草多糖的脱脂工艺研究

为优选并确立积雪草的最佳脱脂工艺,考察积雪草不同脱脂溶剂对多糖得率和脱脂率的影响,通过单因素试验和正交试验对脱脂工艺进行优化.最佳脱脂工艺为：料液比（g/mL）1∶10,乙醚-乙醇溶液（V乙醚∶V乙醇=2∶3）在35℃下脱脂6h.在此脱脂方案下,积雪草多糖平均得率为2.69％（n=5）,RSD为2.23％,脱脂率为15.87％（n=5）.该脱脂方案稳定,可使多糖得率更高.