空气与C3H8含量对气体氧-氮-碳三元共渗化合物层结构的影响

以NH3、空气、C3H8与N2混合气体作为气源,采用两段式气体氧-氮-碳三元共渗方法,在580℃加热2h,随后降温至540℃继续加热1.5h,实现对S20C钢的表面强化.保持通入气体总流量、空气与C3H8添加比例不变,改变空气与C3H8的总含量,研究不同气氛组成处理后S20C钢表面渗层的厚度、形貌以及相结构变化趋势.结果表明,经过处理后的样品表面形成了具有良好耐摩擦、耐腐蚀性能的亮白色化合物层,该化合物层具有单一ε-Fe2-3(N,C)物相,其厚度随空气与C3H8的总含量的增加而增大.     

Quantitation of lysinoalanine in dairy products by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with selective ion monitoring

The unnatural amino acid lysinoalanine (LAL) has been identified in milk and cheese products by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/MS) with selective ion monitoring (SIM) of the 9-fluorenyl-methylchloro-formate (FMOC) derivative. LAL is not present in raw milk or derived from Mozzarella cheese; however, high amounts of LAL are found in calcium caseinate and milk powder. As expected, milk fortified with caseinate or whey protein powder produces cheese with higher LAL content. Our analytical procedure is based on the simultaneous detection of specific ion masses of the FMOC–LAL derivative and the N-ε-methyl-lysine internal standard. A linear relationship was observed within the 0.2–20 ppm concentration range, in addition to a high correlation coefficient and ∼3% relative standard deviation.     

据数列极限定义谈“ε- N”“ε- δ”的语言教学

数列极限的ε－Ｎ定义是极限概念的基础,通常比较难理解。笔者通过从直观描述到精确的定义,逐步深入来讲述ε－Ｎ,ε－δ,就其语言教学的难点,提出解决问题的方法     

Enhanced soft subspace clustering integrating within-cluster and between-cluster information

While within-cluster information is commonly utilized in most soft subspace clustering approaches in order to develop the algorithms, other important information such as between-cluster information is seldom considered for soft subspace clustering. In this study, a novel clustering technique called enhanced soft subspace clustering (ESSC) is proposed by employing both within-cluster and between-class information. First, a new optimization objective function is developed by integrating the within-class compactness and the between-cluster separation in the subspace. Based on this objective function, the corresponding update rules for clustering are then derived, followed by the development of the novel ESSC algorithm. The properties of this algorithm are investigated and the performance is evaluated experimentally using real and synthetic datasets, including synthetic high dimensional datasets, UCI benchmarking datasets, high dimensional cancer gene expression datasets and texture image datasets. The experimental studies demonstrate that the accuracy of the proposed ESSC algorithm outperforms most existing state-of-the-art soft subspace clustering algorithms.     

Numerical evaluation of wind effects on a tall steel building by CFD

A comprehensive numerical study of wind effects on the Commonwealth Advisory Aeronautical Council (CAARC) standard tall building is presented in this paper. The techniques of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), such as Large Eddy Simulation (LES), Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations (RANS) Model etc., were adopted in this study to predict wind loads on and wind flows around the building. The main objective of this study is to explore an effective and reliable approach for evaluation of wind effects on tall buildings by CFD techniques. The computed results were compared with extensive experimental data which were obtained at seven wind tunnels. The reasons to cause the discrepancies of the numerical predictions and experimental results were identified and discussed. It was found through the comparison that the LES with a dynamic subgrid-scale (SGS) model can give satisfactory predictions for mean and dynamic wind loads on the tall building, while the RANS model with modifications can yield encouraging results in most cases and has the advantage of providing rapid solutions. Furthermore, it was observed that typical features of the flow fields around such a surface-mounted bluff body standing in atmospheric boundary layers can be captured numerically. It was found that the velocity profile of the approaching wind flow mainly influences the mean pressure coefficients on the building and the incident turbulence intensity profile has a significant effect on the fluctuating wind forces. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly simulate both the incident wind velocity profile and turbulence intensity profile in CFD computations to accurately predict wind effects on tall buildings. The recommended CFD techniques and associated numerical treatments provide an effective way for designers to assess wind effects on a tall building and the need for a detailed wind tunnel test.     

High-Impact PLA in Compatibilized PLA/PCL Blends: Optimization of Blend Composition and Type and Content of Compatibilizer

In this work, the effectiveness of seven commercial compatibilizers is tested in polylactide (PLA)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) blends with different compositions to obtain a high-impact PLA. None of the compatibilizers is effective for 90/10 and 80/20 PLA/PCL compositions, as no improvement of the impact strength is observed. For the 70/30 composition, compatibilizers having glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and acrylate groups in their structure are proved the most effective, as the morphological change towards co-continuity induced by them leads to significant impact strength improvements (of ≈345% and 90% with respect to the neat PLA and the noncompatibilized PLA/PCL 70/30 blend, respectively). The 70/30 PLA/PCL composition, as it shows the best balance of properties, and the best compatibilizer (ElvaloyPTW) are chosen to carry out the optimization of the compatibilizer content. It is found that adding 6 phr to the blend results in highly toughened and ductile blends while maintaining a high modulus and yield strength values. Larger compatibilizer contents lead to even higher impact strength values, but the low-strain mechanical properties are notably reduced. Thus, in this work, a simple and easily scalable method to produce high-impact PLA is shown, as it implies the compounding of three commercially available components without involving any toxic solvents.     

Inhibitory effects of flavonoid glycosides isolated from the peel of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Fuyu) on antigen-stimulated degranulation in rat basophilic leukaemia RBL-2H3 cells

We found that two distinct flavonoid glycosides isolated from the peel of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Fuyu), isoquercitrin (Isq) and hyperin (Hyp), are capable of inhibiting antigen-stimulated degranulation in rat basophilic leukaemia RBL-2H3 cells. In order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we examined effects of Isq and Hyp on cellular responses induced by antigen stimulation. Treatment with both Isq and Hyp markedly inhibited antigen-stimulated elevation of intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentration and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Isq and Hyp did not affect NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity, but they possessed DPPH radical-scavenging activity similar to that of epigallocatechin gallate, a potent anti-oxidant, Finally, Isq and Hyp showed little or no effects on Ag-stimulated Syk activation or phosphorylation of signalling molecules. These results indicate that inhibition of antigen-stimulated degranulation by Isq and Hyp is mainly due to suppression of intracellular Ca²⁺ elevation, which is caused by direct scavenging of ROS that are generated by NOX. Our findings suggest that Isq and Hyp, isolated from the peel of persimmon, would be beneficial for alleviating symptoms of type I allergy.     

基于低雷诺数κ-ε模型冲击射流传热的数值模拟

冲机射流在机翼除霜、电子元器件散热等工程领域应用广泛,为进一步研究其传热机理,利用两种低雷诺数κ-ε模型对单股冲击射流的传热进行数值模拟,并与标准κ-ε模型及雷诺应力模型的计算结果进行对比。结果表明,低雷诺数κ-ε模型在两种工况下的计算结果均优于其他模型。湍流热扩散系数作为求解温度场最重要的参数,对传热的计算结果影响极大,通常用湍流普朗特数作为常数求解。在低雷诺数κ-ε模型的基础上,分别通过湍流普朗特数函数求解和t2-εt方程直接求解进行改进,并将计算结果进行比较。结果表明,使用湍流普朗特数函数形式求解湍流热扩散系数能给出更好的预测结果,直接求解仍需进一步改进。     

VC析出相对Fe-Mn-Si-Al相变诱导塑性钢微观组织演变及力学性能的影响

Fe-Mn-Si-Al相变诱导塑性钢因具有较低屈服强度和良好低周疲劳性能,有潜力替代现有抗震用低屈服点钢制造钢阻尼器。对试验用钢进行准静态拉伸和低周疲劳试验,并借助多种组织表征方法研究试验用钢变形前后的微观组织演变,揭示VC析出相及奥氏体晶粒尺寸对其力学性能的影响规律及作用机理。结果表明:奥氏体晶粒粗化可以促进ε马氏体生成交叉状多变体,从而在准静态拉伸过程中,提高试验用钢断后伸长率;而在低周疲劳变形过程中,交叉状多变体削弱ε马氏体相变可逆性,使其疲劳寿命降低。VC析出相有助于提高试验用钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度,但其对ε马氏体生长具有抑制作用,使断后伸长率降低。在低周疲劳变形过程中,VC析出相钉扎ε马氏体/奥氏体两相界面,抑制ε马氏体逆相变,从而使试验用钢的循环加工硬化程度显著提高,低周疲劳寿命降低。     

均聚氨基酸及其应用

本文在简述均聚氨基酸性质的基础上，分别重点介绍了聚天冬氨酸，γ－聚谷氨酸，聚鸟氨酸，ε－聚赖氨酸，以及它们在食品，环保材料，生物医学材料，非病毒载体的基因治疗，药物缓释系统等领域的应用。