废旧塑料回收利用的进展

随着塑料消耗量的逐年增长,废旧塑料的回收利用问题已成为急待解决的一大社会问题和科研课题。本文论述了PE、PP、PVC、PS、PU、难分离的混合塑料和可生物降解或光降解的自灭型塑料等的回收利用研究的进展和方向,指出对聚烯烃类废料主要是与新树脂共混;对PVC废料一般是加入光、热稳定剂,以改善再生制品的性能;对PU和丙烯酸酯类废料是使其降解为单体或低聚物后,用作粘合剂或再聚合;而对难分离的混合废料则常采用熔融共混的方法。     

废旧PVC发泡鞋材料的研制

<正> PVC是国内主要合成高分子材料之一,广泛应用于各个领域,随着合成工业、加工工业的发展和消费量的增长,每年有大量的PVC制品废弃。因此,废旧PVC的回收应用对缓解当前原料短缺,减少环境污染和降低能源的消耗,提高企业经济效益具有重要的现实意义。     

Use of Quality Control Circles-A Fad or Need

1 Background The subject of management fads is well covered in the literature with typical definitions: (1) It is normally a new idea. (2) It is developed in a vague and previously undefined area. (3) It is about what its users are initially enthusiastic about, even though they can quickly lose interest in it [1]. Van der Wiele[2] explores many characteristics of fads, pointing out that; (1) Fads can develop in an area of activity, which is not well defined. (2) Most fads are not really new …     

国内外钼矿综合利用概况及对我国钼矿综合利用的建议

介绍了国内外钼矿综合利用的情况以及钼产品废弃物的回收状况，并对今后我国钼矿综合利用提出了建议。     

环保召集令

葱伴侣包装盒的废物利用 我很喜欢吃葱伴侣的豆瓣酱,可吃完酱后空盒扔掉感到很可惜。我想了个办法,把空盒子用烧红的铁丝扎上排水孔,大的盒子装上土来种花,绿绿的盒子,鲜艳的花朵,效果很不错;小的盒子用来做肥皂盒,也很方便好用。     

铜渣载镍催化剂催化气化松木屑的实验研究

采用二级固定床管式反应器,以松木屑为原料,水蒸气为气化介质,载镍铜渣为催化剂,结合XRD、TEM、BET、SEM、H₂-TPR等表征手段,考察了不同的镍载量、催化剂焙烧温度以及催化温度对生物质催化气化的影响。结果表明,铜渣载镍催化剂有相对低的比表面积,但它表现出极好的抗积炭性能和裂解焦油的能力。镍载量为2.0%的催化剂经过600℃焙烧后,氢气产量为26.91mmol/g,碳转化率达到了94.86%,积炭仅为0.16%;当催化温度从850℃升高到900℃时,氢气产量只增加了0.28mmol/g,综合考虑能源消耗、催化性能以及设备损耗等因素,最佳的催化温度为850℃。由此可见,铜渣在镍催化剂上的应用可实现废物回收利用,有着重要的实用价值。     

含油污泥调堵技术的研究与应用

含油污泥是石油采出生产过程中伴生的废弃物，是油田开发过程中产生的污染之一。含油污泥调堵技术有利于改善注入井的吸水状况，降低环境污染。室内实验研究了调堵剂的配方，进行了6口井含油污泥调堵试验，注入量、配制技术、注入工艺等达到了设计要求，现场应用效果较好。     

New Advanced Technology on Waste Resourcelization of the Black Pulping Liquor

Combining the characteristics of the black pulping liquor that contains a lot of lignin and other biomass resources, the technology of comprehensive waste utilization is employed. The reconstructive preparation of modified urea-formaldehyde glue by adding black pulping liquor and the application in extruding the medium density fibre board using this modified urea-formaldehyde glue is researched. Results show that when applying the preparation technology that alkaline reaction and then weak acid reaction, the appropriate preparation process is as follows： the adding urea process is divided into three stages （proportion 2 ： 1 ： 1） ; the pH value is 8.0, and the reaction time is 40 min in the addition reaction stage; the pH value will be naturally reduced to 3.5 -5.0, and the reaction time is 45 min in the aggregation reaction stage; the pH value is 8.0 in the urea complement stage. And the optimal condition of the reconstructive preparation the modified ureaformaldehyde glue is adding the condensed black pulping liquor after hydroxymethylation in the beginning of polycondensation reaction by 5% proportion. The application in extruding medium density fibre board with this modified urea-fosmaldehyde glue is proved feasible.     

低共熔溶剂对甘草渣的预处理研究

以甘草渣为研究对象,9种氯化胆碱为氢键供体的低共熔溶剂（DES）作为溶剂,对甘草渣进行预处理,研究不同反应温度与反应时间对甘草渣理化特性的影响。醇类DES中,乙二醇/氯化胆碱的预处理效果最好,在150 ℃,1 h条件下最大木质素脱除率为38.33%。酸类DES中,乳酸/氯化胆碱在100 ℃,1 h处理条件下木质素脱除率最高为40.87%,纤维素保留率高达95.28%。碱类DES中,乙醇胺/氯化胆碱在4 h,150 ℃处理条件下木质素脱除率最大为73.02%。物理表征结果说明,DES可破坏纤维素分子内氢键,断开碳水化合物与木质素的酯键,使纤维素可及表面积增大,有利于后续利用。