A COUPLING MODEL OF WATER FLOWS AND GAS FLOWS IN EXHAUSTED GAS BUBBLE ON MISSILE LAUNCHED UNDERWATER

The gas and water flows during an underwater missile launch are numerically studied. For the gas flow, the explicit difference scheme of Non-oscillation and Non-free-parameter Dissipation (NND) is utilized to solve the Euler equations for compressible fluids in the body-fitted coordinates. For the water flow, the Hess-Smith method is employed to solve the Laplace equation for the velocity potential of irrotational water flows based on the potential theory and the boundary element method. The hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian formulation for the free boundary conditions is used to compute the changes of the free surface of the exhausted gas bubble in time stepping. On the free surface of the exhausted gas bubble, the matched conditions of both the normal velocities and pressures are satisfied. From the numerical simulation, it is found that the exhausted gas bubble grows more rapidly in the axial direction than in the radial direction and the bubble will shrink at its "neck" finally. Numerical results of the movement of the shock wave and the distribution of the Mach number and the gas pressure within the bubble were presented, which reveals that at some time, the gas flow in the Laval nozzle is subsonic and the gas pressure in the nozzle is very high. Influences of various initial missile velocities and chamber total pressures and water depths on both the time interval when the gas flow in the nozzle is subsonic and the peak of the gas pressure at the nozzle end were discussed. It was suggested that a reasonable adjustment of the chamber total pressure can improve the performance of the engine during the underwater launch of missiles.     

游离胆备醇酶传感器的研制

本文初步研制了一种测定游离胆固醇的酶传感器。该传感器用于流动注射法的最佳工作条件:磷酸盐缓冲液作载液(pH=6.3,0.1mol/L),流动速度为0.5mL/min,温度为27℃,检测限为0.15mg/mL～1.14mg/mL,线性响应范围0.25～1.00mg/mL,斜率0.08μA·mL/mg,响应时间为0.5～2.0min,工作寿命15d。已将该传感器用于样品分析,取得初步满意的结果。     

混合非淀粉多糖水解酶酶活测定方法的改进

用分光光度法分别准确测定了混合非淀粉多糖水解酶预混样中木聚糖酶、果胶酶、β－葡聚糖酶和纤维素酶的酶活。将酶以0．1％的比例添加到饲料中后，除木聚糖酶外，其余三种酶的酶活无法准确测定出来，于是对酶活测定方法进行了改进，利用凝胶过滤色谱法对酶液进行预处理，排除了体系中还原糖等小分子量杂质的干扰；采用琼脂放射扩散法测定纤维素酶或β-葡聚糖酶酶活，提高了测定的特异性和灵敏度；利用专一性的酸性醋酸铜法测定果胶酶酶活，提高了特异性；采用硫酸铵沉淀法处理木聚糖酶，可排除另的酶对木聚糖酶酶活测定的干扰。     

墨西哥利用萝卜酶处理工业废水

墨西哥科学家近日宣布,他们成功地利用萝卜酶处理工业废水,有效地保护生态环境。这项科研项目的负责人布兰卡埃斯特拉表示,     

对植物秸秆酒精生产工艺的介绍

介绍了利用植物秸秆作为原料生产酒精的工艺，重点说明蒸汽爆破、酶水解膜浓缩及休哈塔酵母发酵技术等。     

水平轴风力机的几个关键气动问题探讨

水平轴风力机是最有效的风能转换装置之一 ,在世界各地得到了广泛的应用。本文讨论了在风力机的研究和开发过程中所遇到的几个关键气动问题 ,在分析这些问题产生原因的基础上 ,介绍了目前的研究现状和研究水平。本文并结合问题所涉及的基本理论 ,以及学科发展的趋势 ,提出了解决问题的基本方法 ,以及发展方向和近期可望达到的目标等     

喷射造型机射砂过程数值模拟研究

本文应用颗粒动力学方法，对型砂的喷射过程进行数值模拟，并对喷射筒结构进行实验计算，计算结果可以解释原始设计的缺陷，据此改进了喷射筒性能。