Combination of vegetable soup and glucan demonstrates synergistic effects on macrophage-mediated immune responses

Vegetable soup (VS), a plant-based functional food, has been used as a traditional folk medicine and is attracting attention for its ability to enhance the immune response. β-Glucan, a well-established and effective immunomodulator, has synergistic effects when used in combination with some bioactive compounds. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the synergistic immunomodulatory effects of the combination of VS and β-glucan on macrophage-mediated immune responses. β-Glucan was demonstrated to synergistically enhance the VS-stimulated immune response, including the production of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and nitric oxide, mainly through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in macrophages. In addition, this combination has the potential for further development in functional foods with immune-enhancing activity.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-021-00888-x.     

Some compositional properties of seeds and oils of eightAmaranthus species

Grain of 21Amaranthus accessions (eight species) was analyzed for crude fat, fatty acid profiles (FAP), and vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols). Contents of (1→3), (1→4) β-glucan were determined in 12 accessions (four species), and trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) in 20 accessions (six species). FAP and vitamin E profiles were compared to those of barley, buckwheat, corn, lupin, oat, and wheat oils. Crude fat content ranged from 5.2 to 7.7%, and of the oils examined, amaranth oil was most similar in FAP to corn and buckwheat oils. Amaranth was higher than all but wheat and lupin in tocopherol content but was virtually devoid of tocotrienols, which have been shown to have hypocholesterolemic activity. Amaranth grain did not contain (1→3), (1→4) β-glucans and was low in trypsin inhibitor activity (≤4.3 trypsin units inhibited/mg). Any hypocholesterolemic effects of dietary amaranth are apparently due to substances other than (1→3), (1→4) β-glucans or tocotrienols.     

Production of Gentiobiose from Hydrothermally Treated Aureobasidium pullulans β-1,3-1,6-Glucan

We report production of the functional disaccharide gentiobiose β-D-Glcp-(1→6)-D-Glc by a hydrolysis reaction of hydrothermally treated Aureobasidium pullulans β-1,3-1,6-glucan as the substrate and Kitalase as the enzyme. Gentiobiose was produced over the pH range 4−6 and the concentration of gentiobiose produced decreased above pH 7. The maximum value of gentiobiose production was unaffected by the enzyme concentration. The maximum concentration of gentiobiose produced was dependent on the substrate concentration whereas the maximum ratio of gentiobiose to glucose was not. The production of gentiobiose from yeast β-1,3-1,6-glucan was lower than that from A. pullulans β-1,3-1,6-glucan.     

抗坏血酸对猴头菇β-葡聚糖表观黏度及结构特征的影响

采用碱提醇沉法制备猴头菇 β-葡聚糖(Hericium erinaceus alkali-extracted polysaccharide,HEAEP),系统研究了不同条件(抗坏血酸浓度、金属离子、温度、pH值等)下抗坏血酸对HEAEP表观黏度的影响,并深入分析了抗坏血酸对HEAEP结构特征的影响.研究结果表明:猴头菇...     

燕麦β-葡聚糖的凝胶质构性能研究

以我国山西产燕麦为原料,提取并分离纯化燕麦β-葡聚糖,以X-T21型质构仪为主要研究设备,重点研究了β-葡聚糖凝胶性能和相关影响因素。研究结果表明,β-葡聚糖的浓度和分子质量大小会直接影响其凝胶的形成。同时,其凝胶性能受β-葡聚糖浓度、分子质量、pH、溶剂种类和盐等因素的影响。提高β-葡聚糖浓度、分子质量、降低体系pH和添加适量的盐、尿素及硼砂等均有助于其凝胶质构性能的改善;而提高体系pH、增加溶剂种类的极性则会降低其凝胶质构性能。     

消化道中燕麦β-葡聚糖对EGCG吸附作用的体外研究

对体外模拟胃肠液中燕麦β-葡聚糖吸附表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)的影响因素进行研究。结果显示:燕麦β-葡聚糖吸附EGCG受胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、pH、EGCG浓度影响较大。加入胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶,燕麦β-葡聚糖对EGCG吸附量增大。模拟胃液中随pH值升高,β-葡聚糖吸附能力逐渐增强;肠液中随pH值升高,吸附能力首先升高然后下降,pH 6.5时,其吸附能力最大。随EGCG浓度升高,响应因子增多,也使β-葡聚糖对EGCG的吸附能力增强。     

谷物β-葡聚糖研究进展

该文综述谷物β-葡聚糖结构、理化特性、生理功能、测定方法、提取纯化及开发应用等方面研究进展,并对谷物β-葡聚糖研究存在问题及今后研究方向进行探讨。     

VARIATION IN A BARLEY COLLECTION FOR ENDOSPERM ATTRIBUTES THAT RELATE TO MALTING QUALITY

Éstimates of grain hardness from measurements of milling energy were made on four hundred and eighty barley cultivars. The same cultivars were also subjected to an infra-red analysis used to predict soluble β-glucan and nitrogen contents. The results demonstrated variation for these endosperm characters, with eighteen cultivars having a lower milling energy, and more than a hundred cultivars with a lower soluble β-glucan content than Gerkra, a barley with good malting quality. Of these, nine cultivars were lower for both characteristics. Information about this variation is, therefore, potentially useful when breeding for malting quality.     

Changes in Molecular Characteristics of Cereal Carbohydrates after Processing and Digestion

Different extraction, purification and digestion methods were used to investigate the molecular properties of carbohydrates in arabinoxylan and β-glucan concentrates, dietary fiber (DF) rich breads and ileum content of bread fed pigs. The breads studied were: a low DF wheat bread (WF), whole meal rye bread (GR), rye bread with kernels (RK), wheat bread supplemented with wheat arabinoxylan concentrate (AX) and wheat bread supplemented with oat β-glucan concentrate (BG). The weight average molecular weight (M_w) of extractable carbohydrates in β-glucan concentrate decreased eight-fold after inclusion in the BG bread when exposed to in vitro digestion, while the M_w of purified extractable carbohydrates in AX bread was reduced two-fold, and remained almost unaffected until reaching the terminal ileum of pigs. Similarly, the M_w of purified extractable carbohydrates in GR and RK bread was not significantly changed in the ileum. The AX bread resulted in the highest concentration of dissolved arabinoxylan in the ileum among all the breads that caused a substantial increased in ileal AX viscosity. Nevertheless, for none of the breads, the M_w of extractable carbohydrates was related neither to the bread extract nor ileal viscosity.