The Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane Model: A New In Vivo Tool to Evaluate Breast Cancer Stem Cell Activity

The high plasticity of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) allows them to differentiate and proliferate, specifically when xenotransplanted subcutaneously into immunocompromised mice. CSCs are highly tumorigenic, even when inoculated in small numbers. Thus, in vivo limiting dilution assays (LDA) in mice are the current gold standard method to evaluate CSC enrichment and activity. The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is a low cost, naturally immune-incompetent and reproducible model widely used to evaluate the spontaneous growth of human tumor cells. Here, we established a CAM-LDA assay able to rapidly reproduce tumor specificities—in particular, the ability of the small population of CSCs to form tumors. We used a panel of organotropic metastatic breast cancer cells, which show an enrichment in a stem cell gene signature, enhanced CD44⁺/CD24^−/low cell surface expression and increased mammosphere-forming efficiency (MFE). The size of CAM-xenografted tumors correlate with the number of inoculated cancer cells, following mice xenograft growth pattern. CAM and mice tumors are histologically comparable, displaying both breast CSC markers CD44 and CD49f. Therefore, we propose a new tool for studying CSC prevalence and function—the chick CAM-LDA—a model with easy handling, accessibility, rapid growth and the absence of ethical and regulatory constraints.     

V2O5/g⁃C3N4催化剂的制备及其模拟油中硫化物的脱除

以三聚氰胺、偏钒酸铵、硼酸为前驱体,通过煅烧法制备V₂O₅/g⁃C₃N₄催化剂。采用XRD、FT⁃IR、XPS、SEM和BET等技术对催化剂的结构与形貌进行表征。以V₂O₅/g⁃C₃N₄为催化剂,乙腈为萃取剂,H₂O₂为氧化剂对模拟油中二苯并噻吩（DBT）的脱除进行考察。探究了反应温度、催化剂质量、萃取剂体积、n(H₂O₂)/n(S)以及不同硫化物等因素对脱硫效果的影响。在模拟油体积为5.0 mL、萃取剂乙腈体积为3.0 mL、n(H₂O₂)/n(S)=8、催化剂质量为0.02 g、反应温度为30 ℃和反应时间为60 min的最佳条件下,DBT的脱除率达到91.9%,经过5次催化剂再生后脱硫率仍可以达到85.7%。     

EFFECT OF AGING ON HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT SUSCEPTIBILITY OF STEEL Cr21Ni6Mn9N

Effects of 650℃ aging for 1—1000 h on structure and hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility(HES)of steel Cr21Ni6Mn9N have been investigated.The results show that M_(23)C_6 typecarbide precipitates at grain boundaries and Cr-depletive region appears beside them duringaging.The precipitates grow and connect each other as the aging time prolongs.Meanwhile,the degree of Cr-depletion aggravates first and then recovers gradually while the aging time isvery long,i.e.,1000 h.The HES of the steel increases with increasing aging time but does notreduce with the recovery of Cr content at the Cr-depletive region.That implies that the ex-isting of carbides at grain boundaries might be the main reason which promotes the HES ofsteel during aging.     

TA15合金的热变形行为及加工图

研究了TA15合金的热模拟压缩实验。结果表明：变形温度的升高和应变速率的减小使峰值应力和稳态应力显著降低，变形温度会影响进入稳态流动所需变形量。以热模拟压缩实验为基础，建立的加工图表明：TA15合金高温变形时存在2个非稳定区域，一个是变形温度1300K以上和应变速率10．0s^-1以上的区域，另一个是变形温度1200K以下和应变速率0．006s^-1～1．995s^-1之间的区域。同时，建立的TA15合金高温变形时的流动应力模型表征了变形温度、应变速率和变形程度对流动应力的影响，模型的计算精度较高。     

同轴电纺法TiO2/g-C3N4的制备及光催化性能研究

传统的静电纺丝法使用单一的毛细管状喷头喷丝,通常用于制备实心且表面光滑单一组分的纳米纤维,无法得到具有多种功能性结构的复合材料,应用范围较窄。以酞酸丁酯和尿素为原料,采用同轴静电纺丝法成功制备了TiO₂/g-C₃N₄复合材料,并用X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、紫外可见漫反射光谱（UV-vis DRS）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET）分析对样品进行了表征,通过光催化降解亚甲基蓝溶液（MB）研究了不同g-C₃N₄添加量对TiO₂/g-C₃N₄复合材料光催化性能的影响。实验结果表明,采用同轴静电纺丝法结合500℃煅烧工艺成功制备了大比表面积及高光催化性能的TiO₂/g-C₃N₄复合材料。当g-C₃N₄添加量为0.15 g时,TiO₂/g-C₃N₄复合材料对亚甲基蓝溶液（MB）的光催化降解效率可达93.8%,且经过5次重复实验后降解率仍可达80%以上。     

N,N−二甲基−二硫代甲酰胺丙磺酸钠对THPED体系化学镀铜的影响

研究了N,N?二甲基?二硫代甲酰胺丙磺酸钠(DPS)作为添加剂对以四羟丙基乙二胺(THPED)为单一配位剂的化学镀铜体系的沉积速率、镀层形貌和晶体结构的影响。结果发现,当DPS的质量浓度从0 mg/L增大到1.0 mg/L时,沉积速率从2.91μm/h提高到6.73μm/h,所得镀层结晶均匀、细致。线性扫描伏安测量结果表明,DPS是通过促进甲醛的阳极氧化来加速化学镀过程。本体系的Cu镀层主要呈面心立方多晶取向,DPS的添加会令晶面取向从(220)转变为(111)。     

Structural Studies of the Lipopolysaccharide of Aeromonas veronii bv. sobria Strain K133 Which Represents New Provisional Serogroup PGO1 Prevailing among Mesophilic Aeromonads on Polish Fish Farms

In the present work, we performed immunochemical studies of LPS, especially the O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) of Aeromonas veronii bv. sobria strain K133, which was isolated from the kidney of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) during an outbreak of motile aeromonad infection/motile aeromonad septicemia (MAI/MAS) on a Polish fish farm. The structural characterization of the O-PS, which was obtained by mild acid degradation of the LPS, was performed with chemical methods, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. It was revealed that the O-PS has a unique composition of a linear tetrasaccharide repeating unit and contains a rarely occurring sugar 2,4-diamino-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-glucose (bacillosamine), which may determine the specificity of the serogroup. Western blotting and ELISA confirmed that A. veronii bv. sobria strain K133 belongs to the new serogroup PGO1, which is one of the most commonly represented immunotypes among carp and trout isolates of Aeromonas sp. in Polish aquacultures. Considering the increase in the MAI/MAS incidences and their impact on freshwater species, also with economic importance, and in the absence of an effective immunoprophylaxis, studies of the Aeromonas O-antigens are relevant in the light of epidemiological data and monitoring emergent pathogens representing unknown antigenic variants and serotypes.     

BiOI/g-C3N4光催化降解甲基橙研究

以三聚氰胺为前驱物采用热聚合法制备了石墨相氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）,并在其表面原位合成了碘氧化铋（BiOI）,构筑了石墨相氮化碳-碘氧化铋复合材料。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）、紫外可见漫反射仪（UV-Vis-DRS）等对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,当BiOI与g-C₃N₄物质的量比为0.5时,BiOI/g-C₃N₄催化剂具有高分散的BiOI颗粒及适中的禁带宽度,吸附和降解甲基橙性能最佳。回流温度为120 ℃时制备的BiOI/g-C₃N₄催化剂具有适中的粒径、比表面积和表面羟基浓度,吸附和降解甲基橙性能最佳,且该催化剂具有良好的重复使用性能。     

GCr15SiMn轴承钢中大尺寸TiN生成与控制

 以西宁特钢EAF→LF→VD→IC工艺路线生产GCr15SiMn轴承钢为研究背景,采用矿物解离分析仪、夹杂物自动分析系统、化学分析及X射线荧光光谱仪等检测手段与热力学计算相结合的方法,研究了铸锭中大尺寸TiN夹杂物的析出机理,分析了冶炼阶段钢液中钛含量增加的原因,并提出了相应的改进工艺。通过对轴承钢中残余钛、氮含量的热力学计算,发现大尺寸TiN主要是在凝固过程中析出和长大,降低冶炼过程中钛含量是控制TiN生成的主要途径。对原工艺冶炼过程钛含量变化进行分析,钢液中钛增量主要发生在EAF出钢→LF结束阶段,其中52%钛增量来自于炉渣。为了避免炉渣中钛进入钢液,借助于七元炉渣CaO-SiO₂-MgO-FeO-Al₂O₃-MnO-TiO₂与钢液之间平衡的钛分配比(LTi)模型,计算了铝含量和炉渣中CaO含量对LTi 的影响,预测了最佳的平衡炉渣成分。结果表明,适当降低铝含量和炉渣中CaO含量可以提高渣-钢之间的钛分配比,降低钢液的钛含量;当铝质量分数为0.015%～0.025%、CaO质量分数为50%～55%时,其他炉渣组元的最佳成分(质量分数)为18%～24% Al₂O₃和12%～17% SiO₂。此外,定量描述了不同LTi条件下EAF下渣量与LF终点钛含量的关系。最后,采用“低炉渣碱度、低铝含量以及严格控制电炉下渣量”的改进措施进行了优化试验,优化后冶炼终点钛质量分数可控制在小于0.002 0%,铸锭TiN平均数密度可由原工艺的2.09个/mm2降低至0.73个/mm2,且TiN尺寸几乎都小于10 μm。     

N含量对Nb微合金化HRB400E钢筋组织与性能的影响

摘要：为了更好地发挥N元素在Nb微合金化钢筋中的作用,降低生产成本以及为钢筋成分设计提供理论依据。利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、力学试验机对不同N含量的Nb微合金化高强抗震钢筋进行显微组织表征及力学性能测试,探究N含量对Nb微合金化钢筋的组织与力学性能的影响。研究表明,轧制过程中的奥氏体组织,随着N含量的增加,平均奥氏体晶粒有所减小;最终组织为铁素体和珠光体,随着N含量的增加,铁素体平均晶粒尺寸而减小,片层状珠光体的连续性增加,片层间距减小;析出相Nb(C,N)随着N含量的增大,沉淀析出的第二项颗粒体积分数增大,颗粒尺寸随之减小;在力学性能方面,屈服强度逐渐增加,抗拉强度先增加后减少。