浅谈硫酸盐热化学还原作用与碳酸盐岩储层发育

在碳酸盐岩层系热化学硫酸盐还原反应（Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction,TSR）是普遍发生的地质现象,通过对现有资料的研究（主要以川东北地区飞仙关组为例）,发现TSR反应是形成高含H2S气藏的重要原因。本文总结了现有研究水平下TSR的反应原理以及参与反应的各个组分,以及TSR对储层,尤其是深部储层的作用（主要以川东北地区飞仙关组为例）。同时,本文提出关于TSR作用仍旧有很多没有解决的问题。如TSR反应体系中固体的硬石膏能否参与反应、TSR反应的阶段性、TSR作用与白云化作用之间是否存在关系,以及TSR反应产物与储层溶蚀机制等。     

粗煤气中硫化氢脱除与利用的探讨

分析了采用克劳斯硫回收装置脱除硫化氢工艺生产过程中存在的问题。在对生产实际分析和科学化验的基础上,探讨采用WSA技术,利用粗煤气中的废气硫化氢生产工业浓硫酸的可行性。     

Enhanced photoelectrochemical properties of TiO2 nanotube arrays sensitized with energy-band tunable (Cu2Sn)x/3Zn1−xS nanoparticles

In this paper, TiO₂ nanotube (TNT) arrays and (Cu₂Sn)_x/3Zn_1−xS (x = 0.75, 0.24, and 0.09) nanocrystals were prepared, and TiO₂ nanotubes (TNTs) were sensitized with (Cu₂Sn)_x/3Zn_1−xS nanocrystals. Compared with the plain TNTs, (Cu₂Sn)_x/3Zn_1−xS sensitized TNTs present an enhanced photoelectrochemical response. The photocurrent enhancement was characterized with the photocurrent ratio of (Cu₂Sn)_x/3Zn_1−xS sensitized TNTs to plain TNTs, which were 1.50, 1.63, and 2.13 for (Cu₂Sn)_x/3Zn_1−xS with the composition of x = 0.75, 0.24, and 0.09, respectively. To understand this phenomenon, the energy band alignments of TNTs and (Cu₂Sn)_x/3Zn_1−xS were investigated, based on which the conduction band offsets (CBO) between TNTs and (Cu₂Sn)_x/3Zn_1−xS were determined, which were 0.31, 0.47, and 0.63 eV for (Cu₂Sn)_x/3Zn_1−xS with the composition of x = 0.75, 0.24, and 0.09, respectively. These results display that the photocurrent enhancement becomes large with the increase of CBO, which indicates that the enhanced photoelectrochemical response is mainly due to the energy level matching between TNTs and (Cu₂Sn)_x/3Zn_1−xS, and the variation of enhancement is resulting from the change of CBO.     

Preparation of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 thin films by sequential evaporation and annealing in sulfur atmosphere

Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂ thin films with high Ga/III ratio (around 0.8) were prepared by sequential evaporation from CuGaSe₂, CuInSe₂, In₂Se₃ and Ga₂Se₃ compounds and then annealing in H₂S gas atmosphere. The annealing temperature was varied from 400 to 500 °C. These samples were characterized by means of XRF, EPMA, XRD and SEM. The S/(S+Se) mole ratio in the thin films increased with increase in the annealing temperature, keeping the Cu, In and Ga contents nearly constant. The open circuit voltage increased and the short circuit current density decreased with increase in the annealing temperature. The best solar cell using Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂ thin film with Ga/(In+Ga)=0.79 and S/(S+Se)=0.11 annealed at 400 °C demonstrated V_oc=535 mV, I_sc=13.3 mA/cm², FF=0.61 and efficiency=4.34% without AR-coating.     

电控燃油喷射稀燃五气门CA1102Q汽油机试验

介绍一例汽油机多气门化改造的结果。由普通二气门ＣＡ１１０２Ｑ汽油机改造为电控、进气道喷射的五气门汽油机,在未提高压缩比的情况下,采用可变进气技术。实验结果表明：小负荷工况降低比油耗２４％ ,怠速排放降低到仅为国标限定值的１０％ ,低速及高速动力性提高１０％ ,并将稀燃工况拓宽到了９０％ 负荷范围,显示了汽油机多气门化改造的潜力。     

柴_燃交替使用动力装置_CODOG_的实验研究

在研究开发柴－燃交替使用（ＣＯＤＯＧ）实验台的基础上,对不同的负荷、柴油机油门速率和Ｓ．Ｓ．Ｓ。离合器阻尼等因素对柴油机与燃气发换过程的影响进行了研究,得出了有意义的结论。     

Cd1−xZnxS solid solutions supported on ordered mesoporous silica (SBA-15): Structural features and photocatalytic activity under visible light

A series of Cd_1−xZn_xS (x = 0.05–0.3) photocatalysts supported on ordered mesoporous silica (SBA-15) were prepared and investigated for hydrogen production from water splitting under visible light. Textural, structural and surface photocatalyst properties are determined by N₂ adsorption isotherms, UV–vis, Raman and XPS and related to the activity results in hydrogen production. Raman and XRD results indicated a mutual interaction between Cd and Zn, forming nanoparticles of Cd_1−xZn_xS solid solutions. All Cd_1−xZn_xS/SBA-15 samples showed relatively high activities for hydrogen evolution. The hydrogen production rate is found to increase gradually when the zinc concentration on photocatalysts increases from 0.05 to 0.2, achieving a maximum for the photocatalyst with zinc concentration equal to 0.2. Variation in photoactivity is discussed in terms of modification in the conduction band and light absorption ability of Cd_1−xZn_xS particles derived from the changes in the Zn concentration in the Cd_1−xZn_xS solid solution.     

水泵水轮机“S“特性对机组水头低时发电影响及对策分析

介绍了水泵水轮机“S”特性并从理论上分析了其形成的原因。由于活动导叶与固定导叶的共同作用,抽水蓄能机组水头低时发电,导叶异步开启时,进入转轮前部分水流的流速得到了提高,并高于导叶同步开启时进入转轮前水流的流速。从而有效地改善了对应空载工况点处的“S”特性,解决了水泵水轮机“S”特性此时对机组运行的不利影响。并结合实例进行了分析。     

基于遗传算法优化支持向量机的电能质量暂态扰动识别新方法

针对电能质量识别领域中,采用随机参数的支持向量机(SVM)分类器识别随机暂态扰动信号准确率低、优化耗时长等问题,提出一种基于遗传算法(GA)优化SVM识别电能质量暂态扰动(PQD)的新方法(GASVM)。首先,仿真生成具有随机噪声水平和扰动参数的9种PQD信号;接着,通过S变换,提取出6种信号特征构成输入特征向量,用于训练SVM分类器;再采用GA对SVM进行参数寻优,进而获得优化的GA-SVM分类器;最后,采用GA-SVM识别PQD信号。仿真对比试验表明,新方法能准确识别不同噪声环境下的9种PQD信号,分类准确率及优化所需时间均优于PSO优化SVM方法(PSO-SVM)。     

The effect of H2S and CO mixtures on PEMFC performance

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) most likely will use reformed fuel as the primary source for the anode feed which always contains carbon dioxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S). Trace amount of CO and H₂S can cause considerable cell performance losses. A comparison between the effect of CO and that of H₂S on PEMFC performance was made in this paper. Under the same conditions, the H₂S poisoning rate is much higher than CO because of different adsorption intensity. When the fuel stream contains the gas mixture (25 ppm CO and 25 ppm H₂S), the fuel cell performance deteriorates more quickly than 50 ppm CO but slowly than 50 ppm H₂S and can be only partially recovered by reintroducing neat H₂. The resulting effects of the mixtures can be divided into two parts roughly: during the inception phase, the cell voltage drops quickly and the actual values of anode overvoltage are bigger than the corresponding calculated values; then the deterioration rate of the cell performance decreases gradually.