Chamber bioaerosol study: human emissions of size‐resolved fluorescent biological aerosol particles

Humans are a prominent source of airborne biological particles in occupied indoor spaces, but few studies have quantified human bioaerosol emissions. The chamber investigation reported here employs a fluorescence‐based technique to evaluate bioaerosols with high temporal and particle size resolution. In a 75‐m³ chamber, occupant emission rates of coarse (2.5–10 μm) fluorescent biological aerosol particles (FBAPs) under seated, simulated office‐work conditions averaged 0.9 ± 0.3 million particles per person‐h. Walking was associated with a 5–6× increase in the emission rate. During both walking and sitting, 60–70% or more of emissions originated from the floor. The increase in emissions during walking (vs. while sitting) was mainly attributable to release of particles from the floor; the associated increased vigor of upper body movements also contributed. Clothing, or its frictional interaction with human skin, was demonstrated to be a source of coarse particles, and especially of the highly fluorescent fraction. Emission rates of FBAPs previously reported for lecture classes were well bounded by the experimental results obtained in this chamber study. In both settings, the size distribution of occupant FBAP emissions had a dominant mode in the 3–5 μm diameter range.     

OTN的线型保护机制研究

介绍了光传输网(OTN)线型保护的体系结构及匹配要求、常用命令,详细分析了OTN线型保护的APS协议,并举例分析了APS协议的传输过程.     

PTN网络环网保护技术研究

从提出和分析PTN网络保护技术现状问题出发,总结PTN环网保护对运营商的重要意义。通过研究PTN环网保护技术的原理和实现机制,对不同技术方案、技术标准的优缺点进行分析总结,同时也提出了笔者自己的观点和看法,提出了环网保护技术配置方案建议,最后对环网保护技术及PTN网络未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

浅议分组传送网(PTN)组网设计的要点

文章以分组传送网(PTN)在组网设计中的实际应用入手,重点分析了PTN网络在建设中需要考虑的一些主要问题.为组建适合中国移动城域网多业务承载平台,文章在PTN网络构架、保护方式、同步、网管DCN等多个方面,阐述了一些个人观点,提出了切实可行的实施方案..     

WDM光环形网络保护及实现方法

提出了WDM环形网络的几种保护方案,分析了利用1:1环路配置方式进行WDM光环形网络保护的实现方法,简单介绍APS在环保护中的应用。     

大规模定制环境下 ERP 的发展

ERP─EnterpriseResourcePlanning企业资源计划系统 ,是指建立在信息技术基础上 ,以系统化的管理思想 ,为现代企业决策层及员工提供决策运行手段的管理平台。从竞争环境的角度出发 ,提出了大规模定制已经逐渐成熟并最终取代大规模生产成为新的生产经营模式的观点 ,同时 ,分析了在大规模定制下传统ERP的局限 ,从管理和技术的角度探讨新一代ERP的特点及发展。     

基于MVB的辅助电源通信系统研究

列车辅助电源系统(APS)是列车运行时的重要电气设备,而其通信系统又是APS监控系统的重要组成部分,通信系统的实时性与可靠性对于实现监控系统的实时性、网络化和智能化具有重要作用。本文基于专用于列车的多功能车辆总线(MVB)对列车辅助电源的通信系统进行了研究和设计,阐述了MVB过程数据和消息数据通信的两种方式和流程,展示了下位机APS监控与通讯模块的详细硬件设计及其PCB实物,介绍了上下位机的通信协议架构及其软件集成方式,最后对APS通信系统的运行结果进行了演示。     

浅谈先进摄影系统（APS）

本文介绍了1996年即将面市的先进摄影系统（APS）,包括其胶片和相机。该系统是由几家庞大的摄影器材厂家,如:柯达、富士、美能达、尼康和佳能,所共同开发的;据称将取代传统的35mm摄影系统。     

Effects of humidity on the flow characteristics of a composite plasma spray powder

The effects of environmental humidity on the flow characteristics of a multicomponent (composite) plasma spray powder have been investigated. Angular and spherical BaF₂−CaF₂ powder was fabricated by comminution and by atomization, respectively. The fluorides were blended with nichrome, chromia, and silver powders to produce a composite plasma spray feedstock. The tap density, apparent density, and angle of repose were measured at 50% relative humidity (RH). The flow of the powder was studied from 2 to 100% RH. The results suggest that the feedstock flow is only slightly degraded with increasing humidity below 66% RH and is more affected above 66% RH. There was no flow above 90% RH except with narrower particle size distributions of the angular fluorides, which allowed flow up to 95% RH. These results offer guidance that enhances the commercial potential for this material system.     

Investigation of particle flattening behaviour and bonding mechanisms of APS sprayed coatings on magnesium alloys

Magnesium alloys are promising alternatives to other lightweight materials due to their high specific strength and stiffness. However, the use of magnesium alloys is limited by their poor wear behaviour and low corrosion resistance for many industrial applications. The thermal spray technology offers a wide range of possibilities to improve the surface properties of Mg-based components. In this study, three different coating materials, namely Al, NiAl5 and Al₂O₃, were applied on AZ91 and AE42 substrates using the atmospheric plasma spray technology. The investigation was focused on the bonding strength of the coatings and the related bonding mechanisms. For a better understanding of the bonding mechanisms, the flattening behaviour of the spray particles was investigated in correlation with the substrate pre-heating temperature. It was found that NiAl5-particles could well melt the substrate at the surface and deformed it locally; Al-particles did the same but to a lower extent. The dominating bonding mechanism for NiAl5-coatings could be attributed to a metallurgical bonding. For Al-coatings, this mechanism played a more important role once the substrate pre-heating temperature was increased. Al₂O₃ particles in contrast, were less able to deform the substrate in spite of their higher thermal load and the mechanical anchoring remained the main bonding mechanism. The thermo physical properties of the Mg substrate showed also to have an influence on the adhesion of the coatings.