新型高效废水厌氧生物处理反应器研究进展

近年来,废水的厌氧生物处理工艺以其独特的技术优势受到人们的广泛关注,并发展了以厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床、内循环式厌氧反应器、厌氧上流污泥床-过滤器和厌氧序批式间歇反应器等为代表的第三代新型高效厌氧反应器.本文综述了这些厌氧反应器的形成、结构、工作原理以及典型应用,比较了这些系统的运行特点及存在的问题,最后展望了该研究领域的发展及这些系统的应用前景.     

Hydrogen production from alcohol wastewater by an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor under thermophilic operation: Nitrogen and phosphorous uptakes and transformation

The objective of this study was to investigate hydrogen production from alcohol wastewater using an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) under thermophilic operation and at a constant pH of 5.5. Under the optimum COD loading rate of 68 kg/m³d, the produced gas contained 43% H₂ without methane and the system provided a hydrogen yield and specific hydrogen production rate of 130 ml H₂/g COD removed and 2100 ml H₂/l d, respectively, which were much higher than those obtained under the mesophilic operation. Under thermophilic operation, both nitrogen and phosphate uptakes were minimal at the optimum COD loading rate for hydrogen production and most nitrogen uptake was derived from organic nitrogen. Under the thermophilic operation for hydrogen production, the nutrient requirement in terms of COD:N:P was found to be 100:6:0.5, which was much higher than that for the methenogenic step for methane production under both thermophilic and mesophilic operations and for the acidogenic step for hydrogen production under mesophilic operation.     

Enhanced treatment efficiency of an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) for cassava stillage with high solids content

Cassava stillage is a high strength organic wastewater with high suspended solids (SS) content. The efficiency of cassava stillage treatment using an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) was significantly enhanced by discharging settled sludge to maintain a lower sludge concentration (about 30 g/L) in the reactor. Three hydraulic retention times (HRTs), namely 10 d, 7.5 d, 5 d, were evaluated at this condition. The study demonstrated that at an HRT of 5 d and an organic loading rate (OLR) of 11.3 kg COD/(m³ d), the total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) and soluble COD (SCOD) removal efficiency can still be maintained at above 80%. The settleability of digested cassava stillage was improved significantly, and thus only a small amount of settled sludge needed to be discharged to maintain the sludge concentration in the reactor. Furthermore, the performance of ASBR operated at low and high sludge concentration (about 79.5 g/L without sludge discharged) was evaluated at an HRT of 5 d. The TCOD removal efficiency and SS in the effluent were 61% and 21.9 g/L respectively at high sludge concentration, while the values were 85.1% and 2.4 g/L at low sludge concentration. Therefore, low sludge concentration is recommended for ASBR treating cassava stillage at an HRT 5 d due to lower TCOD and SS in the effluent, which could facilitate post-treatment.     

扩展RSVP-TE的路由排除策略

在实际应用中,以IP网为基础的通用多协议标签交换（GMPLS）控制平面的可靠性尚不能满足自动交换光网络（ASON）电信级的要求,针对这一情况,文章主要探讨了GMPLS信令RSVP-TE的扩展,为建立保护光通道实现路由排除功能,对排除路由对象（XRO,ExcludeRouteObject）和显示排除路由对象（EXRS,ExplicitExcludeRouteSubobject）两个对象进行了扩展。     

磁场对厌氧生物处理系统除铬(Ⅵ)效率的影响

研究磁场对2株已知高效除铬菌生长繁殖的促进作用,以及厌氧生物处理系统(ASBR)中添加磁粉对合成含铬废水和实际含铬电镀废水的净化效果的影响。通过试验,确定最佳磁场强度为6.0mT,磁场对微生物作用4h后,表现出对微生物生长繁殖的促进作用。尽管实际废水的处理效果比模拟废水处理效果差,Cr6+、总铬、CODCr达标时间延长了3~5h,但在磁场条件下,厌氧污泥系统处理模拟废水和实际废水至达标排放所需时间分别较不加磁场条件下提前约1h和2~3h。     

Relationship between phenol degradation efficiency and microbial community structure in an anaerobic SBR

Phenol is a common wastewater contaminant from various industrial processes, including petrochemical refineries and chemical compounds production. Due to its toxicity to microbial activity, it can affect the efficiency of biological wastewater treatment processes. In this study, the efficiency of an Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor (ASBR) fed with increasing phenol concentrations (from 120 to 1200 mg L⁻¹) was assessed and the relationship between phenol degradation capacity and the microbial community structure was evaluated. Up to a feeding concentration of 800 mg L⁻¹, the initial degradation rate steadily increased with phenol concentration (up to 180 mg L⁻¹ d⁻¹) and the elimination capacity remained relatively constant around 27 mg phenol removed?gVSS⁻¹ d⁻¹. Operation at higher concentrations (1200 mg L⁻¹) resulted in a still efficient but slower process: the elimination capacity and the initial degradation rate decreased to, respectively, 11 mg phenol removed?gVSS⁻¹ d⁻¹ and 154 mg L⁻¹ d⁻¹. As revealed by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis, the increase of phenol concentration induced level-dependent structural modifications of the community composition which suggest an adaptation process. The increase of phenol concentration from 120 to 800 mg L⁻¹ had little effect on the community structure, while it involved drastic structural changes when increasing from 800 to 1200 mg L⁻¹, including a strong community structure shift, suggesting the specialization of the community through the emergence and selection of most adapted phylotypes. The thresholds of structural and functional disturbances were similar, suggesting the correlation of degradation performance and community structure. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) confirmed that the ASBR functional performance was essentially driven by specific community traits. Under the highest feeding concentration, the most abundant ribotype probably involved in successful phenol degradation at 1200 mg L⁻¹ was affiliated to the Anaerolineaceae family.     

SRB法处理高浓度硫酸盐废水的试验研究

研究了在厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)中,利用硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)处理含高浓度SO42-的酸性钛白粉废水的技术可行性及ASBR处理工艺的最佳运行参数。试验结果表明:SRB法处理含高浓度SO42-的酸性钛白粉废水是可行的,在选定试验条件下,模拟废水和钛白粉废水的SO42-去除率分别为92.7%和88.3%,且出水硫酸盐浓度在250mg·L-1以下,达到了国家地面水环境质量标准(GB3838-83)。     

ASBR处理中晚期垃圾渗滤液中试研究

通过ASBR中试反应器处理某垃圾填埋场内垃圾渗滤液,在不调节pH的条件下,探讨了水力停留时间、搅拌方式和进水氨氮浓度对ASBR反应器处理中晚期垃圾渗滤液的影响。结果表明：当HRT=4 d时,间歇搅拌和氨氮浓度低于800 mg/L时,ASBR反应器达到最佳,ASBR反应器对COD、TN和SS的平均去除率为32.04%、10.5%和32.63%,渗滤液可生化性由0.39提高到0.46;进水氨氮浓度大于800 mg/L,即FA〉62.59 mg/L时会抑制有机物的降解。     

不同污泥源条件下ASBR启动对比研究

厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)实际应用的关键环节在于如何实现快速启动.为了缩短ASBR的启动时间,实验研究了接种不同污泥对快速启动的影响.分别接种市政污水处理厂的二沉池剩余污泥和升流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)中的厌氧污泥.以淀粉为基质,在恒温35℃条件下,逐步增加进水COD浓度和缩短水力停留时间,经过75d的培养,泥粒径分别达到了1.1mm和1.4mm,有机负荷达到5.6kg/(m3·d),COD去除率分别达到85%和90%,出水VFA浓度均小于200mg/L,且系统运行稳定,均实现了ASBR的快速启动.