Surface movements in Bologna (Po Plain — Italy) detected by multitemporal DInSAR

We studied the surface deformations affecting the southeastern sector of the Po Plain sedimentary basin, in particular the area of Bologna. To this aim an advanced DInSAR technique, referred to as DInSAR-SBAS (Small BAseline Subset), has been applied. This technique allows monitoring the temporal evolution of a deformation phenomenon, via the generation of mean deformation velocity maps and displacement time series from a data set of acquired SAR images. In particular, we have processed a set of SAR data acquired by the European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS) sensors and compared the achieved results with optical levelling measurements, assumed as reference. The surface displacements detected by DInSAR SBAS from 1992 to 2000 are between 10 mm/year in the historical part of Bologna town, and up to 59 mm/year in the NE industrial and agricultural areas. Former measurements from optical levelling referred to 1897 show 2-3 mm/year vertical movements. This trend of displacement increased in the second half of the 20th century and the subsidence rate reached 60 mm/year. We compared the more recent levelling campaigns (in 1992 and late 1999) and DInSAR results from 1992 to 1999. The standard deviation of the difference between levelling data, projected onto the satellite Line Of Sight, and DInSAR results is 2 mm/year. This highlights a good agreement between the measurements provided by two different techniques. The explanation of soil movements based on interferometric results, ground data and geological observations, allowed confirming the anthropogenic cause (surface effect due to the overexploitation of the aquifers) and highlights a natural, tectonic, subsidence.     

Method of Reducing Error in Calculations of Active Power from Signal Samples

The paper presents the results of investigations into several methods of calculating the active power value from current and voltage signal samples. The accuracy attainable for nonsinusoidal signals whose frequency differs from the nominal one was determined. A new active power calculation method ensuring accurate results for sampling over two signal periods is proposed. The method uses a very simple computing algorithm.     

Design and evaluation of an active electromechanical wheel suspension system

This paper presents an electromechanical wheel suspension, where the upper arm of the suspension has been provided with an electric levelling and a damper actuator, both are allowed to work in a fully active mode. A control structure for the proposed suspension is described. The complex design task involving the control of the electric damper and its machine parameters is tackled by genetic optimisation. During this process, these parameters are optimised to keep the power dissipation of the electric damper as low as possible, while maintaining acceptable comfort and road-holding capabilities. The results of the evaluations carried out demonstrate that the proposed suspension can easily adopt its control parameters to obtain a better compromise of performance than that offered by passive suspensions. If the vehicle is to maintain acceptable performance during severe driving conditions, the damper has to be unrealistically large. However, if the electric damper is combined with a hydraulic damper, the size of the electric damper is significantly reduced. In addition, the design of the electric damper with the suggested control structure, including how it regenerates energy, is discussed.     

Design of nonlinear controllers for active vehicle suspension with state constraints

Design of active vehicle suspension has tradeoffs between three main performance metrics (passenger comfort, suspension deflection and road holding ability). It has been known that each performance can be achieved by H _∞ controller and they can be gathered by LPV (Linear Parameter Varying) method. However, because the suspension deflection limit was not explicitly considered, this limit may be exceeded. In this paper, the authors propose a “reference shaping“ based method in order to improve the control performance. In this approach, a “virtual reference” signal is imposed to the system such that the suspension deflection is kept small. The effectiveness of the approach is examined by numerical simulations. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

精密有源互感器的研制

本文介绍了精密有源电流互感器的原理和设计方法。该互感器的准确度达到０．０１级，线性度优于１×１０－５．     

Ammoxidation of methylaromatics over vanadium phosphate catalysts II. Catalyst formation, active sites and reaction mechanism

The interactions of VOHPO₄· 0.5H₂O and (VO)₂P₂O₇ with the ammoxidation feed and the single components such as ammonia, oxygen, water and component mixtures were studied in detail using XRD and temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy. The aim of this work was to improve the knowledge of the formation of the active phases or active sites of the catalysts from their precursors under the condition of the ammoxidation reaction. Similar catalytic properties of various applied VPO materials were discussed in terms of the presence of similar structure elements (domains of adjacent edge-sharing VO₆ octahedra-units and P-O-NH₄ groups).     

TFT有源矩阵α－Si∶H薄膜PECVD淀积工艺研究

分析了α－Ｓｉ∶Ｈ薄膜的质量和厚度对α－Ｓｉ∶ＨＴＦＴ关键性指标的影响，深入、详细地讨论了其ＰＥＣＶＤ淀积工艺，并在实验的基础上确定了最佳淀积工艺参数，从而获得了高性能的７５ｍｍ３７２×２７６像素α－Ｓｉ∶ＨＴＦＴ有源矩阵     

The operational semantics of user-defined relationships in object oriented database systems

In semantic data models, abstract relationship (e.g. generalization, aggregation, etc.) semantics are defined, specifying how insertion, deletion and modification operations made at a higher level of abstraction can affect the objects abstracted over and vice versa. These semantics, also known as structural constraints, are expressed through so-called update rules. This perspective has been somewhat lost in most object-oriented systems, where user-defined relationships are supported as simple pointers and their semantics are embedded, distributed and replicated within the operations accessing these pointers. This paper inherits and extends the treatment of relationships found in semantic data models to behavioural object-oriented models by presenting an approach to uniformly capture the update rules for user-defined relationships. The stress is not on supporting relationships as first-class objects, but on describing their update rules (or operational semantics) through a set of constructors namely, reaction, anticipation, delegation and exception. The approach has been borne out by an implementation in an active object-oriented database system.     

多站远程无线控制信号系统通信软件的开发

多站远程无线控制系统是以计算机为中心控制 ,用多个信号源作为下位机通过无线模块进行通信 ,文中介绍了通过无线数传模块实现无线通讯以及ActiveX控件的使用方法 ,提出了使系统应用程序更安全可靠 ,效率更高 ,维护更加方便的几种措施。     

柯伐镀金盖板电化学腐蚀的剖析及其防腐措施

对半导体器件封装的气密性失效进行了研究。发现，柯伐镀金盖板遭致电化学腐蚀是导致气密性失效的主要原因。对电解液的形成和电化学腐蚀机理进行了深入的分析。提出了防止腐蚀，提高器件气密可靠性的思路和方法。