在光阻材料中过滤器吸附机制的作用(英文)

近来尼龙过滤被广泛用于光刻工艺流程来改善良率,因为许多IC和光阻制造商有实验性证据表明尼龙滤膜能吸附杂质。然而,尼龙滤膜降低缺陷的机制尚不清楚。通过致力于特定的光阻成分来研究不同的缺陷发生机制是十分有用的。利用表面改性和不同的光阻成分进行了各种吸附试验来测量尼龙滤膜的耐受性,包括表面张力,光酸发生剂和光酸抑制剂。最后,研究希望通过致力于如何最佳贯彻尼龙过滤策略来确定最有效的方法提高良率。     

Effect of morphology on the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 photocatalysts under visible-light irradiation

Graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) photocatalysts with different morphologies have been synthesized using melamine as a precursor using a template-free wet chemical method. The as-prepared g-C₃N₄ nanorods, g-C₃N₄ microcones and porous g-C₃N₄ quadruple prisms were characterized by XRD, FESEM, FT-IR and UV–vis absorption spectrophotometer. These nanostructured g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts show better photocatalytic activity than bulk g-C₃N₄ under visible light irradiation in view of degrading Rhodamine B (RhB). The porous g-C₃N₄ quadruple prisms show the highest photocatalytic efficiency. We deduce that the surface area of the catalysts and their adsorption ability of target molecules play important roles in improving the photocatalytic activity of the g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts.     

Growth of (111) HgCdTe on (100) Si by MOVPE using metalorganic tellurium adsorption and annealing

(lll)B CdTe layers free of antiphase domains and twins were directly grown on (100) Si 4°-misoriented toward<011> substrates, using a metalorganic tellurium (Te) adsorption and annealing technique. Direct growth of (lll)B CdTe on (100) Si has three major problems: the etching of Si by Te, antiphase domains, and twinning. Te adsorption at low temperature avoids the etching effect and annealing at a high temperature grows single domain CdTe layers. Te atoms on the Si surface are arranged in two stable positions, depending on annealing temperatures. We evaluated the characteristics of (lll)B CdTe and (lll)B HgCdTe layers. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the x-ray double crystal rocking curve (DCRC) showed 146 arc sec at the 8 |im thick CdTe layers. In Hg_1−xCd_xJe (x = 0.22 to 0.24) layers, the FWHMs of the DCRCs were 127 arc sec for a 7 (im thick layer and 119 arc sec for a 17 (im thick layer. The etch pit densities of the HgCdTe were 2.3 x 106 cm2 at 7 ^m and 1.5 x 106 cm-2 at 17 um.     

膨润土对Zn(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)离子的吸附作用研究

在静态条件下 ,研究了膨润土对重金属离子 (如 Zn2 +、Cd2 + )的吸附与交换。结果表明 ,膨润土对重金属离子具有较强的吸附性能 ,p H值是影响吸附的主要因素 ,离子交换和表面络合反应是主要吸附形式。     

内蒙古特大型方沸石矿藏的综合开发利用途径

内蒙古特大型方沸石矿藏的发现 ,添补了我国矿产品种的又一空白。本文简述了方沸石的资源情况 ,结合国内经济技术及当地实际 ,为使资源优势尽快转化为经济优势 ,提出了矿物综合开发利用途径。     

氢键抑制方法减少瓜尔胶压裂液对砂岩储层的吸附伤害

为了减轻瓜尔胶压裂液在砂岩多孔介质中产生的吸附伤害、降低其对致密砂岩储层渗透率的伤害,以四川盆地中侏罗统沙溪庙组砂岩为研究对象,根据热重实验确定瓜尔胶在砂岩表面的吸附量,并利用X射线电子能谱测试结合岩心流动实验,分析瓜尔胶压裂液在砂岩多孔介质中的吸附作用机理,再通过核磁共振和CT成像,研究压裂液吸附对砂岩孔喉结构变化和氢键抑制剂对压裂液综合性能的影响。研究结果表明:(1)压裂液会吸附在岩石多孔介质内部,导致岩石孔径变小、储层渗透性变差,吸附量约为3.9 mg/g;(2)砂岩表面的含氧基团与瓜尔胶分子形成的多重氢键作用是砂岩多孔介质与压裂液之间发生吸附的主要作用力,氢键抑制剂可以降低瓜尔胶在砂岩中的吸附量和对储层渗透率的伤害程度;(3)氢键抑制剂的加入对压裂液流变性影响不大,但却可以有效地降低破胶液的表面张力和残渣含量。结论认为,氢键抑制剂可以解除瓜尔胶与砂岩的吸附作用,有效地降低瓜尔胶压裂液对储层的伤害,并且不会影响压裂液的综合性能;该研究成果对于认识氢键抑制剂的性能、改进瓜尔胶压裂液体系、提高致密砂岩储层的增产改造效果等都具有重要的意义。     

Numerical modeling of a zeolite/water adsorption cooling system with non-constant condensing pressure

A new transient two-dimensional model with non-constant condensing pressure for a zeolite/water adsorption cooling cycle is proposed in this paper. This numerical model focuses on the heat and mass transfer behaviors in the adsorber and is solved by the control volume method. Due to the heat transfer limitation in the condenser, the simulated pressure during the isobaric generation phase of the cycle is not constant and will decrease with time. Compared with the model for constant condensing pressure, the cycle duration and cycled adsorbate for the base case are increased. Furthermore, the effect of mass flow rate of condenser cooling water on system performance is also investigated. It is found that both COP and SCP increase with an increase in the mass flow rate of cooling water in the condenser.     

Design improvements for a collector/generator/adsorber of a solid adsorption solar refrigerator

A study of the effects of different collector design parameters on the performances of a solar powered solid adsorption refrigerator is presented. The refrigerator uses activated carbon/methanol as the adsorbent/refrigerant pair. The study was undertaken using a computer simulation program developed from a transient analysis of the system. The parameters tested are the collector plate emissivity/absorptivity combination, adsorbent packing density, tube spacing, outer tube outside diameter, adsorbent thermal conductivity, heat transfer coefficient at adsorbent/tube interface, and adsorbent tube/collector plate materials combination. Two performance indicators namely, condensate yield and coefficient of performance (COP) were used in the study as figures of merit. A multiple regression technique was used to correlate the performance indicators with the collector parameters through a quadratic relation. Consequently an objective function, suitable for selecting optimal values of the parameters is defined, subject to specified constraints. Selecting the COP as the preferred indicator parameter, optimization was then carried out. Improvements in the ranges of 29–38% for COP and 26–35% for condensate yield were obtained with optimal choices of tube spacing, adsorbent packing density and collector plate/adsorbent tube material combinations.     

Design and performance of a solar-powered air-conditioning system in a green building

A solar-powered adsorption air-conditioning system was designed and installed in the green building of Shanghai Research Institute of Building Science. The system contained 150 m² solar collectors and two adsorption chillers with nominal refrigeration capacity of 8.5 kW. Based on performance characteristics of the adsorption chiller, the operation mode of the solar-powered air-conditioning system was optimized by maintaining a phase shift of 540 s between the two adsorption chillers. Thereafter, the whole system realized stable operation by the balance of heat consumption and refrigeration output. From June to August of 2005, the solar-powered air-conditioning system continuously ran between 9:00 and 17:00. The operation performance of the system under representative working condition showed that the average refrigeration output of the solar-powered air-conditioning system was 15.3 kW during an 8 h operation and the maximum value exceeded 20 kW. Solar fraction for the system in summer was 71.7%, which corresponded to the designed cooling load (15 kW). Compared with the ambient temperature, it was deduced that solar radiant intensity had a more distinct influence on the performance of solar-powered air-conditioning system.     

蓝晶石和石英浮选行为的研究（待续）

通过表面张力测试、浮选试验和红外光谱的测定，研究了蓝晶石和石英在阴／阳离子混合表面活性剂系统中的浮选行为。研究结果说明了表面活性剂混合物引起的表面张力下降中的协同作用。在浮选系统中，由于这一协同作用的存在，油酸钠／十二胺的添加导致在很宽的ｐＨ范围内，浮选回收率提高。文中还分析了在阴／阳离子混合表面活性剂系统中捕收剂的吸附机理。