微波法提取姬松茸多糖的工艺研究

采用微波法对姬松茸多糖进行提取工艺研究。以子实体粒度(目数)、料液比、微波功率、提取时间为考察因素,多糖得率为指标,采用正交实验法对多糖提取工艺进行优化。确定了微波提取的最佳工艺参数为:粒度(目数)为60目,料液比为1∶80(g/mL),微波功率为640W,提取时间为8min。按此优化条件,多糖得率可达9.04%,可显著提高姬松茸多糖的得率,工艺简单,成本较低。      

涂膜处理和酸处理对提高双孢蘑菇储藏稳定性的研究

为了提高双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)的储藏稳定性,本研究分别采用了三种不同的方法对双孢蘑菇进行处理,它们分别是:酸处理、涂膜处理和酸与涂膜相结合的处理,然后分别测定了储藏过程中的失重率、硬度、色泽变化、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活力和过氧化物酶活力(POD),探讨了不同处理方法对双孢蘑菇储藏稳定性的影响。结果表明:酸与涂膜相结合的处理方式具有最优的效果,它能弥补酸处理和涂膜处理各自的不足之处,既能降低失重率,保持硬度,又能抑制酶活,更好地保持双孢蘑菇的色泽。      

UV-C处理对双孢蘑菇采后品质的影响

本文以双孢蘑菇为材料,研究了不同剂量的短波紫外线（UV-C）对双孢蘑菇低温贮藏期间的失重率、硬度、颜色、可溶性固形物含量、细胞膜透性、PPO活力和微生物的影响。双孢蘑菇子实体先用0、0.3、0.6、0.9、1.2 k J/m2剂量的UV-C处理,随后放入4℃冷库存放16 d。结果表明:适当的短波辐照（0.6 k J/m2）处理可以抑制细胞膜透性的增加,延缓可溶性固形物含量的降低,在一定程度上延缓软化和褐变。对嗜冷菌、大肠杆菌、酵母和霉菌有显著性抑制作用。较大剂量（0.9、1.2 k J/m2）会对双孢蘑菇的表皮细胞产生伤害,使得细胞膜透性增加,导致可溶性固形物含量的降低,失重率增加以及褐变的加剧。      

Microbial processes in mushroom cultivation; a large scale solid substrate fermentation

The microbial processes occurring during mushroom cultivation are amenable to analysis by a number of experimental approaches. The microbial flora of the composting stage can be examined by microbiological and microscopical methods. The quantity of microbial biomass accumulating in the substrate can be measured by biochemical or microscopical techniques. Biodegradation of the substrate during composting or colonisation by mushroom mycelium can be assessed by chemical methods, assay of degradative enzymes and by following the degradation rate of radiolabelled plant polymers. Analysis of these processes indicates that substrate preparation (composting) is amenable to further control by manipulation of substrate environment and ingredients. Improvement in substrate utilisation might be achieved by strain selection, and further analysis of substrate composition.     

巴西蘑菇多糖的免疫调节作用

对巴西蘑菇发酵液提取的胞外多糖和菌丝体多糖的免疫功能进行了研究 .结果表明 ,巴西蘑菇多糖可促进免疫器官的增殖 ,延缓其衰退 ,促进迟发型超敏反应 (DTH)的发生 ,能增强巨噬细胞的吞噬功能 ,但对体液免疫的作用不明显 .巴西蘑菇多糖主要通过增强非特异性免疫和促进细胞免疫来发挥作用 .     

双孢菇中活性成分与保鲜技术的研究进展

综述了近年来有关双孢蘑菇代谢产物的结构特点和栽培及保鲜技术,主要包括双孢蘑菇中蘑菇氨酸的结构和药理作用,为国内双孢蘑菇的进一步开发研究提供了参考.     

姬松茸的海绵固定化培养研究

本文采用海绵吸附法来固定化培养姬松茸。培养条件为 15 块海绵、3%接种量。固定化培养的胞外多糖产量比游离细胞培养增加 9.1%、菌体生物量增加 13.6%。固定化细胞可连续使用 3 个周期,在工业生产上具有可行性。     

Effects of Agaricus bisporus on gel properties of chicken myofibrillar protein

The gel-forming ability of myofibrillar protein (MP) is highly correlated with the characteristics of emulsified meat products. Incorporation of Agaricus bisporus (Ab) powder into MP gels may enhance its gel properties to facilitate the development of a novel and safe meat product. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of Ab powder on gel strength, water holding capacity (WHC), texture, rheological behaviour, LF-NMR spin–spin relaxation (T₂), microstructure and protein secondary structure of the MP gel system. The results indicated that the gel strength, WHC, G' value and G" value were significantly improved when the addition of Ab powder increased from 0% to 6% (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the T₂ relaxation time was shortened, and free water was transformed into immobilised water. The texture of the gel was improved when 1%–4% Ab powder was added compared to the control. Furthermore, Ab filled in the gel network and promoted the unfolding of MP α-helix and the formation of MP β-sheet during the thermal denaturation of MP, leading to a dense aggregated network structure. The study suggested that Ab could be a promising ingredient in improving chicken MP's gel properties and developing fat-reduced meat products.     

巴西蘑菇多糖对小鼠脑组织表达粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子的影响

目的: 研究巴西蘑菇多糖(ABPS)对小鼠脑组织表达粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)的影响。方法: 应用组织培养技术、克隆形成法、逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)等方法检测小鼠脑组织在ABPS 作用下表达GM-CSF 的变化。结果: 不同浓度的ABPS 对小鼠脑组织表达GM-CSF 有明显的促进作用,浓度范围为2 ~ 6mg·ml^-1之间,最佳浓度为4mg·ml^-1。经Light Frame software 分析,小鼠GMCSF在960 bP处出现一高峰。结论: ABPS 有促进小鼠脑组织表达GM-CSF 的作用,证实了ABPS 促进粒单祖细胞生成的机理。