外源调控对白腐真菌生物膜反应器的影响研究

研究了碳源、氮源及诱导物调控对白腐真菌生物膜反应器处理活性黑KNB染料废水的锰过氧化氢酶(MnP)活性及脱色率的影响。结果表明:葡萄糖、酒石酸铵和Mn~(2 )浓度分别为10g/L、0.2g/L和0.2mmol/L时,MnP活性及脱色率达到最高,分别为92.1 U/L及98.9%。MnP活性与脱色率之间有较好的正相关性,表明MnP是该体系的降解功能主体。     

几种杀菌剂对芦荟黑斑病菌室内活性测定

通过供试的7种药剂对芦荟黑斑病菌体外抑制作用测试结果表明,所有药剂对其孢子萌发都有不同程度的抑制作用,其中异菌脲、咪鲜胺、嘧霉胺的抑制效果要优于氟硅唑、代森锰锌、百菌清、苯醚甲环唑;7种药剂对芦荟黑斑病菌菌丝体的抑制作用测定结果显示,所有药剂对菌丝生长都有显著的抑制作用,其中咪鲜胺锰络合物可湿性粉剂对菌丝体抑制效果最好,抑菌率达84.24%;异菌脲、氟硅唑、苯醚甲环唑次之。     

白腐真菌-电化学法处理黄姜废水的研究

采用单因素寻优方法考察了黄姜废水的初始浓度、pH值以及白腐真菌培养时间对降解黄姜废水的影响。结果表明,将黄姜废水稀释5倍,调节pH值到4.5,待菌种液体培养2天后加入,处理效果显著：CODCr去除率达到85%,糖分去除率达到90%以上。后续处理采用铁碳微电解法,CODCr和色度去除率都有进一步的提高。     

白腐真菌处理阿维菌素废水优势菌种筛选研究

建立了白腐真菌处理阿维菌素废水优势菌种的筛选方法.经富集、分离、纯化、筛选得到4株优势菌株,并对优势菌株进行了生理生化特性的研究.     

黑液等温膨胀体积指数（VIE）测定方法研究

提出一种简易快速的黑液等温膨胀体积指数（ＶＩＥ）的测定方法，若样品采取蒸发站出效浓黑液，无需预处理可直接测定。整个测定过程只需２．５ｈ，测定值重复性好，变异系数为０．００８１５。     

Identification of a new Hazelnut disease in Liaoning Province: Hazelnut husk brown rot

Hazelnut husk brown rot has been identified as a new disease in Liaoning Province in recent years. The objective of this study as to identify the pathogen. [Method] In this study, a standard sample of hazelnut husk brown rot was collected from Songmudao Base in Dalian City, Liaoning Province. The pathogen was identified by the studies of the morphology, pathogenicity, and analyses of ITS and LSU sequences. The pathogen was isolated and purified, which was confirmed by Koch’s postulates. The symptoms after inoculation were the same as those collected directly from a diseased tree, which showed that it was the pathogenic fungus. The cultural characteristics and conidia and the morphology of the pathogenic fungi were similar to those of Botrytis cinerea’s. The ITS sequences and LSU sequences were compared to the associated strain sequences in GenBank, with 100% identity to Botrytis cinerea (GenBank accession number: MN589848.1) and Botrytis cinerea (GenBank accession number: KU140653.1), respectively. The infection status of the pathogen on the hazelnut husks was also observed. The studies suggested that the pathogen leading to the hazelnut husk brown rot as a new disease in Liaoning Province was Botrytis cinerea.     

Scanning electron microscopy of bio‐fabricated Fe2O3 nanoparticles and their application to control brown rot of citrus

Citrus is the leading fruit crop of Pakistan and exported to different parts of the world. Due to suitable weather condition, this crop is affected by different biotic factors which seriously deteriorate its quality and quantity. During the months of November 2018 to January 2019, citrus brown rot symptoms were recurrently observed on sweet oranges in National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad. Causal agent of citrus brown rot was isolated, characterized, and identified as Fusarium oxysporum. For environment‐friendly control of this disease, leaf extract of Azadirachta indica was used for the green synthesis of iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were characterized before their application for disease control. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of these synthesized nanoparticles described the presence of stabilizing and reducing compounds like alcohol, phenol, carboxylic acid, and alkaline and aromatic compounds. X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the crystalline nature and size (24 nm) of these nanoparticles. Energy dispersive X‐Ray (EDX) analysis elaborated the presence of major elements in the samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the spinal shaped morphology of prepared nanoparticles. Successfully synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated for their antifungal potential. Different concentrations of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles were used and maximum mycelial inhibition was observed at 1.0 mg/ml concentration. On the basis of these findings, it could be concluded that Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles, synthesized in the leaf extract of A. indica, can be successfully used for the control of brown rot of sweet oranges.     

苹果霉心病无损检测研究进展

目的介绍几种常用的苹果霉心病无损检测技术及建模方法,为苹果及其他水果病害的无损检测提供新的思路和依据。方法综述苹果霉心病无损检测技术和建模方法的原理,以及国内外的研究进展。结果在苹果霉心病的无损检测中,光谱检测技术应用较广泛,生物电阻抗特性、各种成像检测技术和机器智能感官仿生检测技术逐渐得到发展,融合多源信息的霉心病检测技术也越来越受到研究者的青睐。结论苹果霉心病无损检测的研究还处于初级阶段,许多检测技术和建模方法的参数还需要进一步优化。随着研究的深入,无损检测技术不仅可以应用于水果病害的检测,还可以应用于其他食品工业,具有广阔的研究前景。     

Aerobic degradation by white‐rot fungi of trichloroethylene (TCE) and mixtures of TCE and perchloroethylene (PCE)

BACKGROUND: Trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE) are considered among the most important groundwater pollutants around the world. These compounds are usually found together in polluted environments but little is known about the ability of microorganisms to simultaneously degrade TCE and PCE. RESULTS: Data showed that several species of white‐rot fungi, including Trametes versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum, and Irpex lacteus, degrade substantial levels of TCE in pure culture. T. versicolor was chosen for further study since it degraded higher levels of TCE than the other organisms. Initial glucose concentration and reoxygenation of samples increased the amount of TCE dechlorination, but no significant difference in percentage TCE degradation was observed. T. versicolor was able to degrade 34.1 and 47.7% of PCE and TCE added as mixtures (containing 5 and 10 mg L⁻¹, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The degradation ability of TCE was extended to other species of white‐rot fungi. Percentage degradation as well as chloride release from mixtures of TCE and PCE showed that T. versicolor degrades mixtures of TCE and PCE almost as well as its ability to degrade individually added TCE or PCE. The results suggest the potential promise of T. versicolor for bioremediation of TCE and PCE in the environment. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry