CONTROL OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES: III. FUZZY-BASED CONTROLLER

In this paper, a real-time fuzzy-based controller of construction activities is proposed. Because of the numerous uncertainties associated with construction activities, their control requires a different approach than the traditional feedback methods. These methods are essentially based on the knowledge of a transfer function that models the input/output relationships for the controlled system. For a highly complex and uncertain system such as a construction activity, a fuzzy-based control strategy was found to be a suitable and effective approach. The proposed control system is built in two main levels, the process and the activity levels. Each level comprises two main units, namely, the fuzzy controller and the self learning algorithm. The implementation of the control actions can be performed by either manipulating the states of the variables for the purpose of improving the process output, or changing the process behavior function for the same purpose. Practical examples are presented wherever possible to illustrate the proposed control strategy.     

Bio-Wax Latex-Modified Paper as Antimicrobial and Water-Vapor-Resistant Packaging Material

Beeswax and carnauba wax latex particles grafted with antimicrobial agents polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride and polyhexanide were prepared by coupling reaction using N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N’-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride as a coupling reagent. As a bifunctional agent for the surface treatment of paper the modified bio-wax latex improved the property of water-vapor resistance and antimicrobial activities of paper significantly after coating. Compared with the control sample the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the paper with coating weight of 12 g/m² was reduced significantly from 2788.8 g/m²/d to 222.0 g/m²/d (BW-Gly-PHGH) thus demonstrating excellent water vapor barrier performance. The shaking flask method was utilized to investigate the antimicrobial activity against E. coli. The results showed that antimicrobial performance was improved substantially when the amount of added modified bio-wax particles was higher than 20 mg/g fiber. The bacterial inhibition ring test indicated that the antimicrobial mode of the modified bio-wax particles was likely based on the contact mode.     

A comparative investigation into floatability of bastnaesite with three di/trialkyl phosphate surfactants

Flotation separation and recovery of rare earth minerals (REM) have returned to an important position due to the growing strategy demand for rare earth elements (REE). In this paper, a comparative investigation into the floatability of bastnaesite ((Ce,La)FCO₃) was conducted by using three di/trialkyl phosphate collectors, di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (DEHPA), dibutyl phosphate (DBP) and tributyl phosphate (TBP). The density functional theory (DFT) computation recommends that the chemical activity of the three phosphate collectors is in order of DEHPA ≥ DBP >> TBP, and their hydrophobization as-suggested by the lgP (oil-water partition coefficient) value is in the order of DEHPA > TBP > DBP. The micro-flotation indicates that the preferable pH values for flotation of bastnaesite with the three phosphate collectors are 7.0–8.0, and DEHPA achieves much higher flotation recovery of bastnaesite, followed by DBP, and then TBP, which coincides with their reactivity and hydrophobicity, the two prerequisites for froth flotation. The contact angle, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) deduce that DEHPA likely reacts with the Ce(Ⅲ) atoms of bastnaesite interface through its O atom(s) of the P(=O)–O^– group to generate the Ce–O–P bonds, and its two 2-ethylhexyl groups orient outside for attaching bubbles, resulting in flotation enrichment of bastnaesite. Furthermore, this investigation offers a novel strategy for developing collectors in selective beneficiation of REM.     

抚顺西露天采场土岩污染潜势分析

本文采集了抚顺西露天采场成土原岩样品，实验室分析了该样品的酸化潜力，基岩中潜在毒害重金属（Cu，Pb，Ni，Cd，Zn）的表生活动性，指出该采场的成土原岩处于低，中度产酸范围，并有进一步酸化的可能。基岩中的重金属表生活动性随岩层部位不同有所差异，外围岩层中重金属活性增强。     

甲基肼-水二元体系汽液平衡数据的测定及回归

采用改进的Ellis汽液平衡釜在常压下测定甲基肼(MMH)-水二元体系的汽液平衡数据。用Herington半经验法对其进行了热力学一致性检验。借助化工流程模拟软件Aspen Plus中的物性数据回归(Data Regression)功能,关联得到实验数据的Wilson和NRTL活度系数方程参数。用两种方程计算得到的汽相组成与实验数据进行比较,平均偏差分别为0.0185、0.0252。结果表明两种模型都可用于化工工程设计。     

Phosphorus based indole and imidazole functionalized hyperbranched polyester as antimicrobial surface coating materials

Third generation of hyperbranched polyester (HP) synthesized via melt condensation and end-capped with bis indole and imidazole phosphoryl chloride. The modified polyesters subjected to different characterization viz., FTIR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, GPC and elemental analysis. NMR analysis was used for the determination of OH conversion that demonstrates linear units had a lower reactivity as compared to terminal OH groups in HP. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) studies indicated that the HP was stable up to 276 °C and the glass transition temperature was 79.6 °C. After modification of HP, thermal stability was increased for indole modified HP, but the glass transition temperature was decreased. The flame retardance of the hyperbranched polyester was also evaluated with the help of TGA analysis and showed higher value of limiting oxygen index (LOI) for modified polyesters. Morphology of the modified polyester showed more roughness than unmodified HP and this nature positive correlated with bacterial zone of inhibition value. Biological studies showed that the HP and modified HP are able to inhibit the reproduction of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Indole modified HP is showed good activity compared to imidazole modified HP.     

气相法聚乙烯熔融指数的影响因素及控制

文章针对目前全密度聚乙烯装置运行操作中的中控产品质量指标——熔融指数,做了较全面的分析。阐述了聚乙烯分子量及支链数与熔融指数的关系。结合装置生产实际,讨论了各种反应条件的变化对熔融指数的影响,其中,重点分析了氢气对熔融指数的调节作用,并对熔融指数的控制做了实例分析。     

125I粒子源活度的测量

为了控制粒子源植入组织间实施近距离放射治疗的质量,防范医疗照射事故的发生,按照国际原子能机构1274号技术报告要求,对同一批次(50枚)放射源的10%(5枚)进行检测,并要求测得的粒子源的表观活度与厂家给出值的相对偏差在5%以内.本文介绍了我院临床上使用的125I粒子源(6711型)的活度的测定方法.采用井型电离室测定125I粒子源的空气比释动能率,进而估算出125I粒子源的表观活度(又称等效活度),并对结果进行了分析.结果表明,该批125I粒子源的活度合格率达到80%.     

低分子量壳聚糖季铵盐的制备及抗菌性能研究

通过γ射线辐照壳聚糖降解,得到低分子量壳聚糖,并采用环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵对低分子量壳聚糖进行季铵化改性.制备了低分子量壳聚糖季铵盐,并测试其抗菌性.用傅立叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FT-IR)和核磁共振碳谱(13C Nuclear magnetic resonance,13C NMR)表征壳聚糖和壳聚糖季铵盐的结构,结果表明,经γ射线辐照过的壳聚糖,其季铵盐的取代度比未辐照的高,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌效果也得到明显改善,γ射线辐照没有破坏壳聚糖的分子结构.