A portable functional imaging instrument for psychology research based on near-infrared spectroscopy

To aid psychology researches on the function of the prefrontal cortex, a 16-channel brain functional imaging instrument based on near-infrared spectroscopy is developed. The probe of the instrument, covering a detection area of 15 cm x 4.4 cm of the prefrontal cortex, is made flexible and is easy to fix to the forehead. By employing multi-wavelength LEDs as light sources, using integrated detectors and choosing a USB-interface-based data acquisition device, the whole system is portable and convenient to use, which is good for psychological experiments. The system software is developed using Visual C++ 6.0, which controls the imaging process, measurement data plotting and storage. The maximal temporal resolution is about 100 ms. Noise and long-term drift test are given. The Valsalva maneuver experiment is used to validate the reliability of the instrument for monitoring hemodynamic changes.     

基于GMM-UBM模型的说话人辨识研究

为了进一步提高基于传统的GMM模型的说话人辨识的识别率,引入了GMM-UBM模型,并且在特征提取方面采用多种特征参数组合来代替单一特征参数,以提高有效特征维数来弥补特征样本的不足,同时在说话人辨识的端点检测部分,用基于MFCC相似度和谱熵的端点检测方法来代替传统的基于短时能量和过零点的方法,以解决其对含噪语音检测不准确而影响说话人辨识的问题。实验表明,与传统的GMM模型相比,GMM-UBM模型能够有效地提高说话人辨识的性能,并且使用组合特征参数和利用基于MFCC相似度和谱熵的端点检测方法都可以进一步提高说话人辨识的性能。     

认知无线电中资源优化问题的研究

认知无线电中,主用户活动的随机性、无线信道的时变性及硬件设备的固有限制会使认知用户的监听结果出现误差,导致在数据传输时隙,主用户和认知用户之间出现传输碰撞。针对这种情况,研究了基于正交频分复用(OFDM)认知无线电中总有效可达吞吐量的最优化问题。利用拉格朗日乘子法推导了该问题的最优解,提出了一种基于混沌优化的搜寻算法以获取最优解。仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

基于谐振式反射器的脑活动探测天线设计

设计了一款用于脑活动探测的超宽带定向天线。该天线采用了平面菱形单极天线的宽频带特性,通过缺陷地结构实现小型化。为了增强天线的定向辐射能力,设计了一种花瓣形谐振式反射器,在较宽频带内产生同相反射,并可减少剖面高度至0.1λ0。该天线整体结构具有尺寸小、重量轻的特点。对天线结构进行仿真优化并加工实测,测试结果与仿真的一致性表明了该天线具有超宽带的特点,实测阻抗带宽为0.91~2.42 GHz(91%),且远场方向图表明了天线具有良好的定向性能,因而该天线可以应用于人脑活动探测等领域。     

八角茴香抑菌活性试验研究

目的：考察中药八角的抑菌活性效果。方法：采用最低抑菌浓度（MIC）测定方法和抑菌活性试验。结果：不同产地的八角茴香对痢疾杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白喉杆菌、伤寒杆菌均有较强的抑制作用,广西产地八角茴香对痢疾杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白喉杆菌、伤寒杆菌的MIC分别为15.625g/mL、31.25g/mL、125g/mL、62.5g/mL。其抑菌活性为中敏。结论：中药八角茴香有较强的抑菌效果。     

基于非下采样Contourlet的熵测度图像融合算法

活性测度是图像融合过程中的重要衡量工具.通过其提取的某种特征信息,来决定哪幅输入图像的特征更为明显.在基于多分辨率分解的融合算法中,常用的活性测度只考虑各层高频子带系数本身,忽略了低频系数所提供的信息.考虑到综合高、低频系数对于活性测度的影响,基于非下采样Contourlet变换良好的平移不变性、多方向等特性,提出了一...     

低功率激光对细胞质膜通透性及细胞功能的影响

目的:探索低功率激光对细胞质膜通透性及细胞功能的影响。方法:以波长为632.8nm,功率密度为5.4mW/cm~2的氦氖激光照射人外周血淋巴细胞15、30、60分钟,并采用钙荧光指示剂Fura—2/Am定量测试法检测淋巴细胞内游离钙浓度和质膜Ca~(2+)—Mg~(2+)—ATP酶活性变化。结果:照射后淋巴细胞内游离钙浓度明显低于正常(P<0.05);同时细胞膜Ca~(2+)—Mg~(2+)—ATP酶活性增加(P<0.05);而且照射后细胞内游离钙浓度降低与质膜上Ca~(2+)—Mg~(2+)—ATP酶的激活呈负相关。结论:低功率激光照射激活细胞膜Ca~(2+)—Mg~(2+)—ATP酶活性,使细胞膜对钙通透性发生变化,且影响到细胞内Ca~(2+)贮存,造成细胞膜通透性和细胞功能的改变。     

Cobalt-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles: Enhanced photocatalytic activity under UV and visible light irradiation

CeO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by coprecipitation using cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate as the precursor and ethanol as the solvent. Different concentration of cobalt-doped cerium oxide NPs (3mol % and 6 mol %) were prepared by adding various concentrations of cobalt chloride to cerium nitrate. The as-synthesized NPs were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectroscopy, Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD results reveal that the as-prepared CeO₂ NPs had a face-centered cubic structure with crystallite size in the range of 5–8 nm. TEM analyses showed that the CeO₂ NPs and Co-doped CeO₂ NPs had a homogenous size distribution (sizes were within 5–12 nm). Band-edge absorption of CeO₂ NPs redshifted upon increasing the Co concentration as compared to undoped CeO₂ NPs. PL spectra reveal a peak shift of CeO₂ emission upon cobalt doping, which were due to an increase in oxygen defects localized between the Ce4f and O2p energy levels (i.e., via formation of Ce³⁺ states). Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution under UV and visible (sunlight) irradiation in the presence of pure CeO₂ NPs and of Co-doped CeO₂ NPs was investigated. The efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of CeO₂ NPs increased with the Co concentration both under UV irradiation and under visible light. Co-doped CeO₂ NPs (6 mol%) showed degradation efficiencies of 98% and 89% at 420 min of exposure to UV irradiation and to visible light, respectively.     

Highly Utilized Active Sites on Pt@Cu/C for Ethanol Electrocatalytic Oxidation in Alkali Metal Hydroxide Solutions

Using ethanol electrocatalytic oxidation reaction (EOR) with a lower reaction potential to replace oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and integrating hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) have a promising development prospect for more energy-saving electrolytic hydrogen production. However, the main challenges of EOR are insufficient catalytic activity, high overpotential, and slow kinetics. Active sites on the electrocatalysts surface are occupied by alkali metal ion hydrate clusters by noncovalent interactions, which is considered to be one of the major causes of these challenges. To reduce the effect of the noncovalent interactions on the catalytic activity of the electrocatalyst, copper is chosen and doped in the form of a single atom in the electrocatalyst (Pt@Cu/C) to increase the electrocatalyst conductivity and make the anode contain more positive charge in this study. Then, alkali metal ion hydrate clusters are difficult to adsorb at the active site of Pt@Cu/C. The EOR electrocatalytic activity of Pt@Cu/C is up to 8184 mA mg_Pt⁻¹, which is ≈4.8 times as high as that of Pt/C. The two-electrode hydrogen production device using Pt@Cu/C as anode for coupled EOR&HER requires a smaller voltage of 0.60 V to reach 10 mA cm⁻² compared with that of Pt/C (0.76 V).     

A Weighted Feature Voting Approach for Robust and Real‐Time Voice Activity Detection

This paper concerns a robust real‐time voice activity detection (VAD) approach which is easy to understand and implement. The proposed approach employs several short‐term speech/nonspeech discriminating features in a voting paradigm to achieve a reliable performance in different environments. This paper mainly focuses on the performance improvement of a recently proposed approach which uses spectral peak valley difference (SPVD) as a feature for silence detection. The main issue of this paper is to apply a set of features with SPVD to improve the VAD robustness. The proposed approach uses a weighted voting scheme in order to take the discriminative power of the employed feature set into account. The experiments show that the proposed approach is more robust than the baseline approach from different points of view, including channel distortion and threshold selection. The proposed approach is also compared with some other VAD techniques for better confirmation of its achievements. Using the proposed weighted voting approach, the average VAD performance is increased to 89.29% for 5 different noise types and 8 SNR levels. The resulting performance is 13.79% higher than the approach based only on SPVD and even 2.25% higher than the not‐weighted voting scheme.