Composition and biological effects of goldenberry byproducts: an overview

Goldenberry is a wild fruit that has been widely used for centuries, mainly in folk medicine. Most studies of goldenberry have focused on the fruit, but new research has studied its byproducts, which were considered to be waste until recently. The main objective of our study was to systematize the published information regarding the composition of goldenberry byproducts (calyces, leaves, seeds, and pomace) and their effects on biological systems. Goldenberry byproducts contain minerals, amino acids, withanolides, flavonoids, and essential fatty acids, thus representing good sources of these compounds. Some of their major biological effects include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiproliferative effects. Information regarding their toxicity is also presented here. To determine the optimal dosage, further safety studies would be recommended to ensure the best health benefits of these compounds. The available evidence has demonstrated the nutritional value of different byproducts of goldenberry, suggesting them to be potential candidates for use in the cosmetic industry, in the preparation of functional foods, and in phytomedicine for the prevention and adjuvant treatment of some diseases. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

黑果枸杞功能性饮料制作工艺及稳定性研究

采用黑果枸杞为主要原料,以柠檬酸为稳定剂,以食盐、木糖醇等为辅料,研制黑果枸杞功能性饮料,优化工艺参数。结果表明:饮料最佳工艺配比为黑果枸杞量1%,食盐添加量0.2%,柠檬酸添加量0.1%,木糖醇添加量6%,在此条件下的饮料色泽美观,营养丰富;通过指标分析及稳定性试验,得出饮料质量标准达到国家相关饮料标准,保质期可达到12个月,稳定性较好,为黑果枸杞的进一步利用提供参考价值。     

不同产地枸杞干果品质的差异性研究

本文主要对南梁、惠农、固原、中宁、内蒙、甘肃、青海、新疆八个产地的枸杞干果理化成分的差异显著性做了研究,从而综合比较了八个产地枸杞品质的差异。分别测定了其7种理化成分和3种活性成分,并做了方差分析、显著性分析(LSD)、加权得分和聚类分析。结果表明,各产地枸杞综合加权得分分值大小及品质高低顺序依次为:中宁7.3>南梁5.1>新疆4.8>惠农4.5>甘肃3.8>青海3.7>内蒙3.6>固原3.2;银川南梁和惠农的枸杞品质与中宁的枸杞非常接近,故优质枸杞中心仍然在宁夏,但是地点已呈现由中宁往南梁、惠农等地转移的趋势。     

加工和贮藏对果蔬营养成分变化及抗氧化活性影响的研究进展

水果和蔬菜是维生素、非维生素植物化学物质和抗氧化活性的重要来源,因此膳食指南推荐人们摄入足够多的水果和蔬菜,但是这里并没有区分是新鲜果蔬还是加工过的果蔬。然而,人们消费的大部分果蔬都是加工过的,与同样的新鲜果蔬相比,它们的营养物质、功能性成分和抗氧化活性或许不同。讨论了不同罐装、烹调、常温和低温贮藏以及冻藏等贮藏和加工方式对果蔬中维生素、非维生素植物化学物质和抗氧化活性的影响。大量研究表明,加工和贮藏造成了大多数种类果蔬植物化学物质和抗氧化活性的损失。这些信息将有助于指导人们使用贮藏和加工过的水果和蔬菜。     

Quantification of soluble solids in reconstituted açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) pulp using near‐infrared spectroscopy

Açaí consumption is increasing worldwide because of the growing recognition of its nutritional and therapeutic properties. This product is classified based on its soluble solids content (SS), but the determination of SS in pulp is time consuming, tedious and not suitable for modern food processing plants. As near‐infrared (NIR) systems have been implemented to measure various quality attributes of food products, the objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to quantify the SS content of açaí pulp. Partial least squares (PLS) regression models were constructed to predict the SS. An optimum PLS model required one latent variable [principal component (PC)1 = 97%] with a root‐mean‐square error of calibration (RMSEC) of 1.06% for the calibration data set and the root‐mean‐square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 1.03% for internal cross‐validation. External validation using an independent data set showed good performance (RMSEP = 1.33% and Rp² = 0.82). NIR spectroscopy is a reliable method with which to determine SS in açaí pulp and thereby to classify açaí pulp according to established minimum quality standards.     

Novel approach to fast determination of multiple pesticide residues using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)

A rapid, high-throughput method employing ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed and optimized for simultaneous quantification and confirmation of 64 pesticide residues and their toxic metabolites in fruit extracts prepared by a buffered QuEChERS procedure. The total time required for UPLC-MS/MS analysis was 8 min plus 2 min for re-equilibration to the initial UPLC conditions. Performance characteristics were determined for apple extracts spiked at 10 µg kg^?1. The repeatability of measurements expressed as relative standard deviations was in the range 1.5–13% at this level for most analytes. Thanks to very low limits of quantification (<10 µg kg^?1for the majority of pesticides), an optimized method allows for the reliable control of not only common maximum residue limits (MRLs) set by European Union regulation for various pesticides/fruit combinations, but also of a uniform MRL of 10 µg kg^?1endorsed for baby food.     

Occurrence of benzene as a heat-induced contaminant of carrot juice for babies in a general survey of beverages

A survey of benzene contamination of 451 beverage samples, using headspace sampling combined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) with a quantification limit of 0.13 µg l^?1, was conducted. Artefactual benzene formation during headspace sampling was excluded by gentle heating at 50°C only and adjustment of sample pH to 10. The incidence of benzene contamination in soft drinks, beverages for babies, alcopops and beer-mixed drinks was relatively low, with average concentrations below the EU drinking-water limit of 1 µg l^?1. Significantly higher concentrations were only found in carrot juice, with the highest levels in carrot juice specifically intended for infants. About 94% of 33 carrot juice for infants had detectable benzene levels, with an average concentration of 1.86?±?1.05 µg l^?1. Benzene contamination of beverages was significantly correlated to iron and copper concentrations, which act as catalyst in benzene formation. The formation of benzene in carrot juice was predominantly caused by a heat-induced mechanism, which explains the higher levels in infant carrot juices that are subject to higher heat-treatment to exclude microbiological contamination.     

Influence of drying conditions on colour,betacyanin content and antioxidant capacities in dried red-fleshed dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

In this study, drying of red-fleshed dragon fruit at different temperatures (40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 °C) and air velocities (1.0 and 1.5 m s⁻¹) was conducted under the specific humidity of 25 g H₂O kg⁻¹ dry air. The results showed that drying at higher temperatures resulted in shorter drying times. However, temperature and air velocity did not significantly affect the total betacyanin contents and antioxidant capacities in dried products. Seven betacyanins identified by LC-MS were betanin, isobetanin, phyllocactin, isophyllocactin, betanidin 5 –O-(6′O-3-hydroxybutyryl)-β-glucoside, isobetanidin 5 –O-(6′O-3-hydroxybutyryl)-β-glucoside and decarboxylated phyllocactin. In addition, the temperature increased the isomerisation of betacyanins. The most preferable condition for preserving the colour and betacyanin contents of red-fleshed dragon fruit was the drying at a temperature of 80 °C and air velocity of 1.5 m s⁻¹ since it could shorten the drying time and give a bright red colour to the dried product as well as it had no significant impact on the betacyanins.