Comparison of aromatic and phenolic compounds in cherry wines with different cherry cultivars by HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS and HPLC

To compare the influence of cultivars on the production of aroma compounds and polyphenols, eight cherry varieties (six sweet and two sour) were fermented into cherry wines, and their compositions were analysed. Results showed that by headspace solid microextraction coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS), a total of twenty‐first aromatic compounds, mostly consisting of esters, acids, terpenoids and C₁₃‐norisoprenoids, were identified, and eleven polyphenols including five anthocyanins and six phenolic acids were quantified using HPLC. May Duck and Early Richmond wines contained significantly higher levels of phenolic acids (>42 mg L^?1) that were associated with high contents of chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids and also relatively high amounts of octanoic acid and β‐damascenone (odour activity values ≥1000). Hongdeng, Zhifuhong and Bing wines were characterised by higher concentrations of anthocyanins (>41 mg L^?1) and also relatively higher levels of isopentyl acetate. Lapins and Governer Wcod wines were distinguished by lower concentrations of polyphenols and relatively higher contents of ethyl 3‐methylbutanoate.     

Simulation of retronasal aroma of white and red wine in a model mouth system. Investigating the influence of saliva on volatile compound concentrations

The influence of saliva on aroma release from white and red wines was studied in a model mouth system. Aroma compounds were analysed in the dynamic headspace of wines by solid phase micro extraction/gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Volatile compounds were identified by solid phase micro extraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, resulting in a total of 43 compounds in white wine and 41 in red wine. The results showed a greater influence of saliva on aroma release in white wine than red wine. In white wine treated with human saliva, esters and fusel alcohols, responsible for fruity and fusel oil odours, were reduced of 32–80%; by contrast, the concentration of 2-phenylethanol and furfural, responsible for rose and toasted almond notes, increased by 27% and by 155%, respectively. In red wine, treated with human saliva, only a few esters decrease, with a reduction of 22–51% due to protein-binding ability of polyphenols that are able to inhibit the activity of the saliva. C-13 norisoprenoids, vitispirane (eucalyptol) and TDN (kerosene), decreased both in white and red wine, showing a comparable variation while, for β-damascenone, the variation was insignificant.     

风吹楠属植物化学成分及活性研究进展

为了全面了解和综合利用风吹楠属植物,本文对风吹楠属植物的化学成分和药理活性研究进展进行了综述。目前风吹楠属植物研究所涉及的种类仅5种,从中共分离到40个化学成分,包括黄酮、色原酮、木脂素、生物碱、芳基酮等结构类型。活性研究表明,一些化学成分具有明显的细胞毒活性和抗疟疾活性。开展风吹楠属植物的研究,对发现新的药用活性成分及资源保护具有重要的意义。     

从鹤草芽中萃取中药成分鹤草酚的研究

用超临界流体萃取和溶剂萃取两种方法从鹤草芽中萃取中药成分鹤草酚,运用化学方法对浸膏进行了各种性能测定,证明其是酚性混合物。通过对比发现两种方法均符合国家标准,但超临界流体萃取的浸膏在性质检验方面表现更加突出,有效成分含量明显高于溶剂法萃取的浸膏。同时还明确了在超临界萃取中低温更有利于鹤草芽浸膏的萃取。     

太子参化学成分及生物活性研究进展

太子参为石竹科植物孩儿参的干燥块根,味甘、微苦,性平,归脾肺经,具有益气健脾、生津润肺之功效,常用于气虚津伤的肺虚燥咳,被国家卫生健康委员会批准用于保健食品。现代药理和临床研究表明,太子参中特征性化学成分多糖和环肽具有免疫调节、抗炎、改善记忆等作用。近年来对太子参的化学成分、结构和药理作用的综述仅局限于特征成分,对其他成分还鲜有系统梳理报道。因此本文系统梳理了太子参的化学成分及生物活性研究进展,以期为太子参的开发利用提供参考和依据。     

杭白菊浸膏中香气活性成分分析

香气是评价浸膏质量的重要标准之一,该文为构建浸膏质量标准提供基础数据。采用固相微萃取法(SPME)和溶剂辅助风味蒸发(SAFE)两种前处理方法,结合气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)对杭白菊浸膏的挥发性成分进行了分析,同时采用气相色谱-嗅觉检测技术(GC-O)和香气提取物稀释分析(AEDA)对浸膏中的香味活性成分进行了测定。结果表明:两种前处理方法(SPME和SAFE)结合气质联用仪共检测出119种化合物,醇类30种,酸类6种,酯类28种,醛类4种,酮类12种,烃类36种,其他3种,其中,萜烯类及其含氧衍生物为主要化合物,同时SAFE较SPME法检测到的化合物数量更多;GC-O结合AEDA分析共筛选出35种香气活性成分,风味稀释因子(FD因子)较高的活性成分有芳樟醇(2187)、α-石竹烯(729)、苯乙酸乙酯(729)、己酸乙酯(729)、异戊酸乙酯(729)、α-蒎烯(243)、α-松油醇(243)、异戊酸(243)。     

CO_2超临界萃取技术提取中药有效成分

本文较系统地介绍了CO2 超临界萃取技术提取中药有效成分的优点 ,重点讲述了已工业化的几项提取过程 ,突出了该技术提取中药水溶性有效成分的应用前景     

Minor components ofLesquerella fendleri seed oil

Routine analysis of fatty ester fractions ofLesquerella fendleri oil suggested the presence of epoxy compounds and other minor components. By a combination of open silica column and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractionations of the methyl esters prepared from the oil, these constitutents were isolated and then characterized by thin-layer chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS—electron ionization, EI, and chemical ionization, CI) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR—¹H and¹³C). Three epoxy acids, 15,16-epoxy-9,12-octadecadienoic, 9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoic and 9,10-epoxy-octadecanoic, were found. Hydroxy acids present included a C-22 homologue of lesquerolic acid (16-hydroxy-12-docosenoic acid) and 14,15-dihydroxy-tricosanoic acid. Other minor ocmponents included four sterols, brassicasterol, campesterol, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol, and a series of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids up to C30. Visiting postdoctoral scientist sponsored by the government of India.     

白英化学成分及生物活性研究进展

综述了近年来自英的化学成分和药理作用的研究概况.到目前为止,从白英中分离出的化合物有皂甙类、有机酸类、萜类、多酚类、黄酮类、甾醇类、香豆素类、多糖类和其他类型的化合物;白英具有良好的抗癌、抗菌、抗过敏等作用,在临床上具有广泛的应用价值.     

渗漏显示剂在发动机上的应用

本文介绍了一种新型渗漏显示剂在检测发动机组装后渗漏的应用情况,并与传统的渗透探伤剂的使用工艺进行了比较。