野艾蒿挥发油的GC-MS分析及其体内抗氧化活性研究

本文研究了野艾蒿挥发油的GC-MS分析及其在小鼠体内的抗氧化活性。采用水蒸气蒸馏法对野艾蒿中的挥发油进行提取,并通过GC-MS对野艾蒿挥发油进行成分分析。结果表明,从野艾蒿中鉴定出8种成分,主要为桉叶脑、酮、醇、烷类等。采用连续六周腹腔注射D-半乳糖的方法构建衰老模型,并测定小鼠心、肝、肾的SOD、GSH、PCO、MDA含量以及对小鼠脏器组织形态进行观察。结果表明,与空白对照组相比,衰老模型组小鼠的心、肝、肾的SOD和GSH含量显著降低(p0.05,p0.01,p0.001),MDA和PCO含量显著升高(p0.001),四个指标以心脏器官影响较大,SOD和GSH含量分别降低了57.72%和44.58%,MDA和PCO含量分别升高了43.59%和86.49%。说明小鼠衰老模型构建成功;与衰老模型组小鼠相比,野艾蒿挥发油保护组小鼠的心、肝、肾的SOD和GSH含量显著升高(p0.05,p0.01,p0.001),MDA和PCO含量显著降低(p0.05,p0.01,p0.001),其中SOD含量对肾脏影响较大,升高了80.42%;GSH和MDA含量对心脏影响较大,分别升高了73.26%,降低了46.93%;PCO含量对肝脏影响较大,降低了47.16%。说明野艾蒿挥发油在小鼠体内具有一定的抗氧化作用。病理切片结果表明,野艾蒿挥发油可以保护氧化损伤小鼠心肌细胞、肝细胞及肾脏细胞形态的完整性。     

新疆一枝蒿提取物抑菌作用的研究

通过体外抑菌实验研究了新疆一枝蒿的水及醇提取物对10种供试菌的抑制活性,并采用试管预试法对新疆一枝蒿的抑菌活性物质进行了初步分离。结果表明:新疆一枝蒿的水提物及醇提物具有广谱的抗菌作用,无水乙醇提取物的抗菌效果最好,且新疆一枝蒿提取物对G+的抑菌效果优于G-;化学成分系统预试表明,新疆一枝蒿的活性成分可能为香豆素类、苷类和黄酮类等。     

Influence ofArtemisia princeps var.orientalis components on callus induction and growth

An in vitro study was performed to determine the potential application of tissue culture in determining allelopathic potentialof Artemisia princeps var.Orientalis (wormwood). Aqueous extracts and volatile substances ofA. princeps var.Orientalis were tested to determine their effects on callus induction and growth of several tested species. Extracts of 5%A. princeps var.Orientalis caused some reduction in concentration, induction, and growth of callus, although they looked normal, whereas the expiants of most receptor plants did not develop callus at higher concentration. Lettuce andEclipta prostrata were the most sensitive species, andA. princeps var.Orientalis was affected by its own extracts. The growth of calluses in MS 121 medium treated with essential oil ofA. princeps var.Orientalis was inhibited, and the degree of inhibition was proportional to the concentration of the essential oil.     

Plant growth regulatory activities of artemisinin and its related compounds

Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone produced in the leaves ofArtemisia annua, was evaluated for its phytotoxicity in mono- and dicotyledonous plants. Artemisinin inhibited seed germination, seedling growth, and root induction in all species tested. The concentration of artemisinin required for 50% inhibition ofLemna minor growth was 5 M. Inhibitory plant responses appeared to require the endoperoxide moiety of this compound since similar chemicals without endoperoxide, deoxyartemisinin, arteannuic acid, and arteannuin B, were less phytotoxic. InL. minor, artemisinin and arteannuic acid caused the leakage of proteins into the growth medium, suggesting the site of activity was at the plant cell membrane.     

低度艾草酒研制

以全脂乳粉、脱脂乳粉、咖啡为主要原料,添加蔗糖,以安琪酵母8型菌为发酵剂,酸奶感官品质评分和酸奶黏度的综合评分为考察指标,采用正交试验方法对凝固型咖啡酸奶配方进行优化,得到最佳的发酵咖啡酸奶的工艺与配方。结果表明,在发酵温度为42 ℃条件下发酵6 h,脂肪含量3.4%,咖啡添加量1.0%,蔗糖添加量6%,8菌型发酵剂添加量0.1%,发酵后在4 ℃条件下冷藏24 h,获得的发酵酸奶的感官品质评分为89分,黏度为5 640 mPa·s,产品组织状态均匀,口感细腻,略带有咖啡香味,感官评价最佳。最佳发酵条件下的酸度为88 °T,pH值为4.24,乳酸菌活菌数为1.25×108 CFU/mL,符合GB 19302—2010对酸奶品质的规定。     

青蒿多酚氧化酶的酶学特性研究

以新鲜青蒿为材料,考察不同温度、pH值、底物浓度、激活剂、抑制剂对青蒿多酚氧化酶（polyphenoloxidase,PPO）活性的影响。结果表明：温度和pH值对酶活性的影响均存在一个最适值,分别为40 ℃和6.8;在一定底物浓度范围内,酶促反应速率随底物浓度的增加而增大,其米氏常数（Km）为0.015 4 mol/L,最大反应速率（Vmax）为125 U/min;MgC12、SDS对青蒿PPO活性有一定激活作用,当MgC12浓度为0.9 mmol/L、SDS浓度为8 mmol/L时,青蒿PPO活性分别高出对照组30.3%和45.3%;当VC质量浓度为0.03 g/L、柠檬酸质量浓度为1.2 g/L、PVP质量浓度为20 g/L时抑制率分别为70.4%、83.7%、77.6%;NaHSO3在0.01～0.08 mmol/L的浓度范围内对青蒿PPO抑制作用缓慢上升。     

芦蒿总黄酮提取物的急性毒性及遗传毒性

目的：研究芦蒿总黄酮提取物的安全性。方法：采用急性毒性实验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核实验、小鼠精子畸形实验、小鼠骨髓染色体畸变实验和Ames试验,观察芦蒿总黄酮提取物的急性毒性和遗传毒性作用。结果：芦蒿总黄酮提取物急性毒性的LD50＞10 g/kg,遗传毒性实验为阴性。结论：在本实验条件下,未观察到芦蒿总黄酮提取物对小鼠有急性毒性及遗传毒性作用。     

沙蒿籽中两种水溶性胶多糖的分离纯化与免疫活性研究

为研究沙蒿(Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch)籽中的水溶性多糖成分,经热水提取、醇沉、脱蛋白得到水溶性沙蒿籽胶粗多糖CASPs(crude Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seed gum polysaccharides),CASPs经DEAE-Cellu-lose柱层析分离得到ASPI、ASPII、ASPIII、ASPIV四个多糖组分,ASPI经Bio-Gel P-150柱层析纯化后得到ASPI-A,ASPⅢ经Sephadex G-75柱层析得到ASPⅢ-A,ASPⅢ-B,ASPⅢ-C三个组分。气相色谱分析表明,ASPI-A由阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖及半乳糖组成,它们之间的摩尔比为1:2.84:4.89:1.92;ASPⅢ-A由木糖及微量的鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖醛酸及半乳糖醛酸组成。高效凝胶渗透色谱(HPGPC)分析表明,ASPI-A为均一性多糖,平均相对分子质量为5.42×104D;ASPⅢ-A的相对分子质量大于4×105D。免疫活性实验结果表明,与Con A合用时,ASPI-A和ASPⅢ-A在一定浓度范围内对小鼠脾细胞增殖反...     

野艾与家艾茎叶挥发油的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取野艾与家艾茎、叶中的挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱法(GC/MS)对其挥发性成分进行分析,并分别比较家艾和野艾茎叶挥发油的化学成分的种类和含量差异。结果表明:艾蒿的茎叶挥发油中共分离出109种挥发性成分,野艾和家艾的茎叶中共有12种相同的挥发性成分,其中主要的挥发性成分是萜类化合物,家艾、野艾茎中萜类化合物含量分别为66.352%,51.473%,而家艾、野艾叶中萜类化合物含量约为74.336%,73.186%。通过主成分分析可知家艾和野艾茎叶的挥发性物质主要是植酮、金合欢烯、蒎烯、桉叶油醇、樟脑、石竹烯、香叶烯。