偶氮类红颜料在卷钢涂料中的应用

介绍了卷钢涂料的特点和经常使用的红色着色颜料,并对偶氮类红颜料在卷钢涂料中的应用进行了探讨。通过配方试验,选用合适的偶氮红颜料搭配钼铬红并添加光稳定剂,制得了各项性能优良的绯红卷钢涂料。     

Synthesis and characterization of new photorefractive polymers with high glass-transition temperatures

This paper reports detailed synthesis and characterization of some new high-T_g photorefractive polymers, polyphosphazene P3–P8. They were obtained via a post-azo coupling reaction. The resulting materials have been characterized by means of ¹H NMR, ³¹P NMR, FT-IR, UV–vis, GPC and DSC. Chromophore contents up to 14 mol% have been realized. The polymers had high glass-transition temperatures and good optical transparency. Measurements reveal that they possess relatively large magnitude of photoinduced birefringence.     

高铁酸钾降解铬黑T和铬蓝黑R的研究

采用高铁酸钾对水溶性铬黑T和铬蓝黑R废水进行氧化脱色研究,考察高铁酸钾用量、反应温度和染料质量浓度对脱色率的影响。结果表明,高铁酸钾能够有效去除染料废水的色度,高铁酸钾用量和反应温度均存在最佳值。铬黑T和铬蓝黑R的质量浓度低于100mg/L时,脱色率均可达到87%以上。     

Catalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Aqueous Streams by Mixed Al/M-Pillared Clays (M = Fe,Cu, Mn)

The low cost, natural origin, high stability, and great versatility for applications in adsorption and catalysis have made pillared interlayered clays (PILCs) one of the families of functional materials most intensively studied in the past three decades. PILCs involving several transition metals like Fe, Cu, or Mn are emerging nanomaterials exhibiting exceptional physicochemical properties. Besides, they also display excellent performance in the heterogeneous catalytic depletion of organic pollutants in aqueous systems. The recent literature involving these materials is reviewed, emphasizing on the works describing their role as active solids in the catalytic wet (hydrogen) peroxide oxidation (CWPO - CWHPO) of harmful organic compounds in contaminated aqueous streams.     

Application of watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) for biotreatment of a textile dye: Investigation of some physiological responses and effects of operational parameters

Phytoremediation is an effective and low cost technology to remove different pollutants such as dye containing effluents from the environment. In the present study, the potential of Nasturtium officinale for degradation of C.I. Basic Red 46 (BR46) were investigated. The results revealed the decolorization ability of the plant species up to 87%. The metabolic fate of the dye was proposed by identification of six intermediate compounds produced during this process by GC–MS technique. Some physiological responses of the plant were evaluated under 10 and 20 mg/L of the dye with notable increase in superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activities as well as photosynthetic pigments content at high concentration. The results suggested induction of oxidative stress under dye treatment and demonstrated watercress's capacity to upregulate its antioxidative defense. The effect of some operational parameters (initial dye concentration, temperature, pH and amount of plant) on the efficiency of biological decolorization process was determined. The effect of initial BR46 concentration was more significant on dye removal efficiency. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to predict the biodegradation efficiency. The results indicated that ANN provided reasonable predictive performance (R² = 0.965).     

Photocatalytic mineralisation of four model azo dyes in the presence of nanocomposite thin film Pt‐ZnO catalysts coated on glass from aquatic environment

This paper reports on work with a nanocomposite to achieve remedial degradation of azo dyes. The intention is to improve quality of discharge waters produced by the textile industry in Iran. We used a nanocomposite of Pt/ZnO coated on glass as a photocatalyst to degrade four different azo dyes. We found that 3 mol% Pt/ZnO thin film exhibited better performance than the pure ZnO thin film. In this regard, Pt/ZnO thin film nanocatalysts offer the prospect of developing a new generation of efficient photocatalysts for remediation of textile dye wastewaters.     

Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of azo dye (Congo red) using modified Y zeolite as catalyst

The present study explores the degradation of azo dye (Congo red) by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation using Fe exchanged commercial Y zeolite as a catalyst. The effects of various operating parameters like temperature, initial pH, hydrogen peroxide concentration and catalyst loading on the removal of dye, color and COD from an aqueous solution were studied at atmospheric pressure. The percent removals of dye, color and COD at optimum pH₀ 7, 90 °C using 0.6 ml H₂O₂/350 ml solution and 1 g/l catalyst was 97% (in 4 h), 100% (in 45 min) and 58% (in 4 h), respectively. The % dye removal has been found to be less in comparison to % color removal at all conditions, e.g. dye removal in 45 min and at above conditions was 82%, whereas the color removal was 100%. The results indicate that the Fe exchanged Y zeolite is a promising catalyst for dye removal. Fe exchanged catalyst is characterized using XRD, SEM/EDAX, surface area analyzer and FTIR. Though the dye, color and COD removals were maximum at pH₀ 2 but as the leaching of Fe from the catalyst was more in acidic pH range, pH₀ 7 was taken as operating pH due to almost comparable removals as of pH₀ 2 and no leaching of Fe ions.     

Synthesis and application of p-tert-butylcalix[8]arene immobilized material for the removal of azo dyes

The present study describes synthesis of a new resin through immobilization of p-tert-butylcalix[8]arene onto silica and its application for the removal of azo dyes from aqueous media as well as from textile effluents. The newly synthesized material 4 is characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Reactive Black-5 (RB-5) and Reactive Red-45 (RR-45) azo dyes were used as sorbate. Batch wise sorption experiments were conducted to optimize various experimental parameters such as the effect of sorbent dosage, electrolyte, pH, dye concentration, and contact time. The optimized pH for the effective removal of RB-5 and RR-45 dyes was 9 and 3, respectively. The increase in material 4 dosage increased the percent sorption. Both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to experimental data and Langmuir isotherm model found to be best fit. The results revealed that material 4 was potentially more effective sorbent for the sorption of selected azo dyes as compared to pure silica and p-tert-butylcalix[8]arene. The field studies also supported the effectiveness of material 4, which could be useful for the removal of both the dyes and also for the normalization of pH, TDS, conductivity and salinity near to the drinking water.     

黄色偶氮颜料环保生产的研究

我国是生产颜料的大国,黄色偶氮颜料年产量在2万吨左右,产量最多的几个品种为Y1、Y3、Y12、Y13、Y14、Y17、Y83、Y174等品种,在原材料和环保要求下,各公司都面临降低生产成本和降低颜料生产过程中产生的废水,即降低生产过程中产生的COD值。都在寻求降低生产过程中产生的COD值的方法,即减少污水的产生。该丈从多方面探讨了降低COD值的方法和降低成本的环保配方。     

Synthesis and the third-order nonlinear optical properties of soluble polymers with different substituted azobenzene side chains

A series of soluble polyacrylates containing different azobenzene side chains have been synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique, from which the side-chain nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers with controllable molecular weight and low polydispersity (1.1-1.4) have been obtained. The third-order NLO absorption and refraction coefficients were simultaneously determined by Z-scan technique. The polymerization activity of the azobenzene-containing acrylate monomers and the third-order NLO properties of the obtained polyacrylates were both dominated by the electronic effect of the different substituents in the azobenzene side chain. The results of Z-scan with and without an aperture showed that all the azobenzene-containing monomers and polymers have both nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction. The third-order NLO susceptibility (χ⁽³⁾) of all the azobenzene-containing samples under the laser irradiation is 1.0-5.0 × 10⁻¹¹ esu.