复合吸附剂吸附废水中的重金属离子的动力学研究

采用枯草芽孢杆菌活菌体、石英砂和由二者组成的复合吸附剂对废水中的Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+离子分别进行了吸附动力学测试,并采用以R itch ie速率方程为基础的3种吸附动力学方程对吸附动力学数据进行校验。吸附动力学数据均能基本吻合单层吸附模型、改进双层吸附模型和R itch ie双层吸附模型,其中后两者与实验数据吻合更好;双层吸附模型能更好地描述活菌体对3种重金属离子的吸附过程;对3种吸附剂吸附3种重金属离子的动力学过程进行了比较,结果显示复合吸附剂与活菌体吸附剂对3种离子的吸附过程一致,都是快速过程。     

细菌和真菌分解低品位磷矿

研究了枯草芽孢杆菌、假单孢菌和曲霉对低品位磷矿粉的分解作用. 结果表明,3种菌株均显著促进了磷矿粉中磷的浸出,磷的浸出率最高可达7%,其中曲霉的解磷能力远强于枯草芽孢杆菌和假单孢菌,进一步证实了真菌的解磷能力强于细菌. 磷矿粉用量越低,磷的浸出率越高. 随培养时间增加,磷的浸出率逐渐升高,但培养到15 d后磷的浸出几乎达到饱和. 另外,碳源浓度为3%时,枯草芽孢杆菌和假单孢菌培养液中磷的浸出率最高,而碳源浓度为2%时曲霉培养液中磷的浸出率达到最高,浓度过高或过低均抑制磷的浸出.     

Mn-SOD的纯化方法研究

以嗜热芽孢杆菌B．S110—2所产Mn—SOD为研究对象,对其纯化方法进行了研究,用碱处理的方法替代了传统的硫酸铵分级沉淀蛋白的方法;通过对金属螯合层析中二价金属离子的选择及洗脱液pH的选择,初步建立了一套适合分离纯化Mn-SOD的金属螯合层析体系,为实际生物产品的分离奠定了基础。     

蜡状芽孢杆菌ZJB-07112酰胺酶的分离纯化及其酶学性质

用一株蜡状芽孢杆菌新菌株ZJB-07112 (Bacillus cereus ZJB-07112)发酵生产酰胺酶,经超声波细胞破碎、High Q阴离子色谱、Phenyl-Sepharose疏水色谱等步骤获得了凝胶电泳均一的酰胺酶。用12.5% SDS-PAGE测得该酶的分子量约为60.6 kD。其N端氨基酸序列为ATIRPDDKAI。该酶水解反应的最适pH和最适温度分别为7.5和35 ℃。在pH 7.5条件下,该酶在50 ℃以上容易失活,60 ℃保温30 min后,仅保留10.8%的酶活。除了Hg⁺ 、Ag⁺等重金属离子和尿素外,其他金属离子和EDTA对该酶的活性影响不大。以丙烯酰胺为底物时,该酶的K_m和V_max值分别为2.64 mmol·L^-1和0.6 μmol·min^-1·ml^-1。     

枯草芽孢杆菌联产纳豆激酶和g-聚谷氨酸

利用实验室保存的纳豆激酶生产菌Bacillus subtilis Natto NLSSe进行了g-聚谷氨酸合成研究,在不添加谷氨酸的培养基中合成了分子量在200~300 万Da的g-聚谷氨酸,表明该菌是谷氨酸非依赖型菌. 合成纳豆激酶的合适碳、氮源分别是蔗糖和大豆蛋白胨,合成g-聚谷氨酸的合适碳、氮源分别是柠檬酸和NH4C1. 通过正交实验研究了碳、氮源对纳豆激酶和g-聚谷氨酸联产的影响,结果表明,增加培养基中大豆蛋白胨及柠檬酸的浓度能分别促进纳豆激酶和g-聚谷氨酸的合成,而不抑制另一产物的合成,有利于纳豆激酶和g-聚谷氨酸的联产. 在大豆蛋白胨10 g/L, NH4C1 9 g/L,柠檬酸15 g/L时,纳豆激酶酶活为121.2 U/mL,g-聚谷氨酸产量为1.1 g/L,均达到了单独合成时的水平.     

Novel Acyl Phosphate Mimics that Target PlsY,an Essential Acyltransferase in Gram‐Positive Bacteria

PlsY is a recently discovered acyltransferase that executes an essential step in membrane phospholipid biosynthesis in Gram‐ positive bacteria. By using a bioisosteric replacement approach to generate substrate‐based inhibitors of PlsY as potential novel antibacterial agents, a series of stabilized acyl phosphate mimetics, including acyl phosphonates, acyl α,α‐difluoromethyl phosphonates, acyl phosphoramides, reverse amide phosphonates, acyl sulfamates, and acyl sulfamides were designed and synthesized. Several acyl phosphonates, phosphoramides, and sulfamates were identified as inhibitors of PlsY from Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bacillus anthracis. As anticipated, these inhibitors were competitive inhibitors with respect to the acyl phosphate substrate. Antimicrobial testing showed the inhibitors to have generally weak activity against Gram‐positive bacteria with the exception of some acyl phosphonates, reverse amide phosphonates, and acyl sulfamates, which had potent activity against multiple strains of B. anthracis.     

Fed-batch optimization of recombinant <Emphasis Type="Italic">α</Emphasis>-amylase production by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus subtilis</Emphasis> using a modified Markov chain Monte Carlo technique

A modified Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) searching procedure was developed to search for an optimal set of decision variables and optimal feed rate trajectories for recombinant α-amylase expression by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051a. The bacterium also synthesizes proteases as undesirable products in fed-batch culture that need to be minimized. To maximize α-amylase productivity, a 14th-order fed-batch model was optimized by integrating Pontryagin’s maximum principle with the Luedeking-Piret equation. The number of iterations and simulations of the proposed searching procedure were statistically examined for accuracy and acceptability of the results. It can be concluded that the proposed searching procedure increased the parameter selection opportunity near the tail ends of redefined triangular distribution. By applying a modified MCMC searching procedure with 1,500 iterations, the predicted α-amylase productivity was improved by 18% in comparison with near-optimum experimental results. This productivity was 3.5% higher than predicted by conventional MCMC optimization.