蜀锦结合竹艺的创新产品设计研究

目的 在蜀锦织造技艺与竹艺面临传承断代、创新不足、运营受阻等诸多严峻挑战的背景下,探究蜀锦结合竹艺的创新产品设计方法,为生活而设计,使非遗焕发新生。方法 首先分别对蜀锦和四川竹艺两种非物质文化遗产的发展现状和美学特征进行分析;其次通过对现售蜀锦及竹艺产品的市场调研,论述了融合二者进行创新产品设计的价值;最后从功能创新、形式创新、工艺创新三个维度探讨了设计创新的具体路径。结论 以“地域文化植入”“现代技术加持”“多元材质结合”的产品研发思路,进行一系列包具、文具、餐具的产品设计实践,将蜀锦与竹艺进行有机融合,不仅能有效控制产品成本、丰富产品品类、形成新的增量,而且能丰富其文化内涵,实现传承传统工艺与满足消费市场的双向平衡,进而达到承扬非遗技艺、助力乡村振兴的目的。     

竹炭对废水中Ni(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究

研究竹炭加入量和废水pH值对吸附效果的影响,以及竹炭对Ni(Ⅱ)的吸附动力学和热力学特性。结果表明,增加竹炭加入量,废水中Ni(Ⅱ)去除率增高,可达95.6%,竹炭对中性和碱性废水中Ni(Ⅱ)吸附效果更好。二级动力学方程很好地表征了竹炭吸附Ni(Ⅱ)的动力学特性。竹炭对Ni(Ⅱ)具有一定的吸附能力,且竹炭粒径越小吸附能力越强,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,饱和吸附量为1.0~1.3 mg/g。动态吸附实验表明,出水中Ni(Ⅱ)浓度先增大后降低,在未达到饱和吸附点时,竹炭的吸附量已达1.17 mg/g。     

Bamboo biochar-catalytic degradation of lignin under microwave heating

Abstract

Lignin biochar-catalytic depolymerization using biochar Fe-600, Fe-800, Ni-600, Ni-800 catalysts under microwave-heating (180?°C for 30?min) was explored in an ethanol/formic acid (1:1) media. Non-catalyst depolymerization was also studied and compared with the biochar-catalysts results. Characteristics of the bio-char catalysts were analyze by BET, XRD, and FT-IR. GPC, FT-IR, and MALDI-TOF MS spectrometry were also used to characterize the depolymerization products. The experimental results showed that the S_BET, V_t, and V_mec and average pore diameter of the biochars are considerably dependent on the preparation temperature and type of cation (Ni²⁺ or Fe³⁺). The maximum yield of bio-oil product was obtained as 85?wt% with the addition of biochar Ni-600 and the total amount of oligomers or monomers with a molecular weight of 164 to 446 reaches 80.4%.     

Synergistic effect of iodide ions and bark resin of Schinus molle for the corrosion inhibition of API5L X70 pipeline steel in H2SO4

The synergistic effect of bark resin of Schinus molle (BRSM) and iodide ions in 0.5 M sulfuric acid has been studied for the first time by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements; also, the surface morphology has been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis in the present work. The results show that the BRSM and iodide ions have an evident synergistic inhibition effect in a 0.5-M sulfuric acid solution. The adsorption of the BRSM/iodide ion system follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and acts as a mixed-type inhibitor in sulfuric acid. The BRSM/iodide ion system is an effective inhibitor for API5L X70 pipeline steel in the 0.5-M sulfuric acid solution. The maximum percentage inhibition efficiency is equal to 99% at 1 g/L BRSM + 2 mM KI.     

Bark as feedstock for dual fluidized bed gasifiers—Operability,efficiency, and economics

The demand for biofuels and biochemicals is expected to increase in the future, which will in turn increase the demand for biomass feedstock. Large gasification plants fueled with biomass feedstock are likely to be a key enabling technology in a resource‐efficient, bio‐based economy. Furthermore, the costs for producing biofuels and biochemicals in such plants could potentially be decreased by utilizing inexpensive low‐grade residual biomass as feedstock. This study investigates the usage of shredded tree bark as a feedstock for the production of biomethane in the GoBiGas demonstration plant in Gothenburg, Sweden, based on a 32 MW_th industrial dual fluidized bed gasification unit. The plant was operated with bark feedstock for 12 000 hours during the period 2014 to 2018. Data from the measurement campaign were processed using a stochastic approach to establish the plant's mass and energy balances, which were then compared with operation of the plant with wood pellets. For this comparison, an extrapolation algorithm was developed to predict plant performance using bark dried to the same moisture content as wood pellets, ie, 8%_w.b. Plant operation with bark feedstock was evaluated for operability, efficiency, and feedstock‐related cost. The gas quality achieved during the test period was similar to that obtained for operation with wood pellets. Furthermore, no significant ash sintering or agglomeration problems were observed more than 750 hours of operation. The calculated biomass‐to‐biomethane efficiency is 43% to 47% (lower heating value basis) for operation with wet bark. However, the predicted biomass‐to‐biomethane efficiency can be increased to 55%–65% for operation with bark feedstock dried to 8% moisture content, with corresponding feedstock costs in the range of 24.2 to 32.7 EUR/MWh; ie, a cost reduction of about 40% compared with wood pellets.     

高浓竹浆黑液高温动态黏弹性研究

实现造纸黑液的高浓燃烧已成为碱回收单元的发展趋势,了解并掌握高浓黑液的流变学性质对优化改进黑液燃烧技术具有重要意义。本研究利用动态流变仪对高浓竹浆黑液的动态黏弹性进行了研究,阐明了储能模量(G')、损耗模量(G″)、损耗因子(tanδ)与动态黏度(η')的变化规律。结果表明,高浓竹浆黑液在高温下表现出较强的弹性固体性质,动态黏度呈现出显著的剪切稀化特性。提高温度有助于黑液软化,缩短链段松弛时间,降低动态黏度,减小流动阻力。Cross模型可以很好地描述高温条件下高浓竹浆黑液η'与角频率(ω)的关系,但Carreau-Yasuada模型不适用于描述耗散角(δ)与ω的关系。     

竹材化机浆增强热塑性复合材料的研究

研究竹材化机浆(CMP)增强尼龙复合材料的力学性能、热学性能、加工性能，分析复合材料的界面改性及其微观结构。在竹材化机浆与尼龙复合材料复合时加入具有线型结构的羧化聚合物偶联剂，可提高竹材化机浆与尼龙之间的相容性，产生良好的界面粘合作用。与尼龙基体相比，复合材料各项力学性能指标提高了40％以上，热变形温度提高了77％。     

关于中国竹浆产业和纸浆竹林基地建设的探讨

对中国竹材造纸的历史和现状、造纸竹材的特性、造纸竹林基地建设发展对策等进行了系统论述,认为竹子是重要的森林资源和优秀的造纸纤维原料,具有明显的特点和优势,在生态环境保护中的作用比任何一种树木和植物都显。发展竹浆产业,是缓解造纸原料危机的有效途径,是竹材综合利用和带动竹类资源产业化开发的最有效途径。提出了加大投资力度、培育规模化的优质原料基地,选择优良竹种、提高造纸原料质量等加快竹浆产业发展的具体措施。     

纳米纤维素晶体的性能研究

竹子溶解浆经植物粉碎机预处理,再用硫酸水解制备纳米纤维素晶体(NCC)。利用马尔文激光粒度仪、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析仪(TGA)对原料及纳米纤维素晶体的尺寸、形貌、晶体特性、结构和热性能进行表征。结果表明:NCC的Z均粒径为128.7nm;竹浆经机械粉碎部分纤维长链被切断;由TEM图观察可知NCC为棒状,直径5~10nm,长度100~200nm;竹浆及NCC属于纤维素Ⅰ型,结晶度由竹浆的64.27%提高到72.04%;FTIR图谱表明竹浆与NCC化学结构基本一致;TGA分析表明NCC的热稳定性低于竹浆,但NCC的降解速率较竹浆缓慢,并且NCC的热解残余率增大。