玻璃纤维增强建筑用聚乙烯树脂复合材料的性能

采用剥离测试方法来表征制得的玻璃纤维增强建筑用聚乙烯树脂复合材料的界面黏结强度,并对其进行红外光谱、接触角、微观组织测试与分析。研究结果表明:采用浸润剂处理可以使玻璃表面生成新基团;浸润剂能够提高玻璃表面接触角,从而更易与树脂形成浸润状态,由此改善玻璃和树脂的界面结合状态,实现界面黏结特性的显著优化。在剥离测试中发现经浸润剂处理后,玻璃可以和树脂之间形成更强的界面结合作用;树脂从玻璃表面发生剥离之后,形成了光滑的玻璃片,同时还有部分纵横交错的划痕。     

Adhesive Joint Durability Assessed Using Open-faced Peel Specimens

This paper presents an investigation of the durability of two aluminum-epoxy adhesive systems by means of open-faced peel specimens. A peel analysis model was used to determine the fracture energy from the peel data. Both wet and dry peel tests were conducted in order to distinguish between the reversible and the permanent effects of water. The effects of water on the cohesive properties of the adhesives were also assessed by tension tests. It was found that, for the two-part epoxy adhesive, which plasticized to a large extent, the peel testing should be carried out in a dry state to assess the interfacial weakening. It was also observed that the two-part adhesive was much stiffer in the dry, degraded state, and it was important to take account of such permanent changes in the cohesive properties associated with water uptake when determining the fracture energy from the peel data. In contrast, the one-part epoxy system did not suffer from appreciable cohesive changes, either reversible or permanent. In this case, both wet and dry failure loci were interfacial, and some of the interfacial damage was found to be reversible. Finally, surface analyses of the peel failure surfaces were carried out, and the formation of micro-debonds was identified as a possible mechanism of degradation for the two-part system.     

改性橙皮对Cu^2＋吸附性能的研究

以橙子皮为原料,磷酸为改性剂,经化学改性手段制备改性橙子皮生物吸附剂,并研究了其吸附性能。通过单因素试验考察了吸附剂用量、p H、初始浓度和吸附时间对吸附性能的影响,并通过正交试验优化吸附条件。结果表明：吸附剂用量为0.12 g、p H=7、初始浓度为4 mol·L^-1、吸附时间为80 min时吸附性能最佳,吸附率可达91.2%。     

柚皮中黄酮和果胶联产工艺的研究

柚皮中黄酮和果胶的联产工艺研究,对提高柚皮的综合利用率、降低生产成本、提高附加经济价值和企业经济效益具有积极作用。实验就黄酮提取和果胶提取分别作L9(34)和L16(44)正交优化试验,工艺实验表明,提取黄酮的较佳工艺条件是:85%的乙醇,固液比1∶15、温度85℃、时间1h,黄酮提取后的柚皮渣中提取果胶的较佳工艺条件是:温度100℃、pH1.5、固液比1∶16、时间1.5h。50g柚皮中可提取粗黄酮13.5g,其滤渣中可得果胶4.36g,纯度为89.31%。     

Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution onto Zr-loaded garlic peel （Zr-GP） particles

Garlic peel, as the raw material, was modified by loading with zirconium(IV), exhibiting quite good uptaking behaviour for fluoride anion. The adsorption experiments were carried out in batch shaking vessels, and the process was strongly dependent on the pH value. The adsorption fits Langmuir model well, and the maximum adsorption capacities at equilibrium pH 2 and 6 are evaluated to be 1.10 and 0.89 mol(fluoride)/kg of Zr-loaded garlic peel gel, respectively. The evaluation of effects of coexisting anions such as nitrate, sulfate and phosphate shows that nitrate and sulfate have no negative effect on the adsorption of fluoride, while phosphate has a little effect. Adsorption kinetics of fluoride is well described by pseudo-second-order rate equation, and the corresponding adsorption rate constant is calculated to be 3.25×10⁻³ g/(mg·min).     

玉米种皮膳食纤维对面团流变学特性及饺子皮品质的影响

采用粉质仪和拉伸仪研究了不同添加量玉米种皮膳食纤维面团的粉质拉伸特性和质构特性,采用物性测试仪(TPA)研究了不同添加量玉米种皮膳食纤维对制作的生饺子皮和熟饺子皮质构的影响.结果表明:玉米种皮膳食纤维的添加,使面团的吸水率增大、形成时间与稳定时间显著延长、弱化度下降;使面团的拉伸曲线面积、抗拉伸阻力和拉伸比例增大,面团延伸性变小;使生饺子皮硬度和黏附性减小,其弹性、内聚性、胶凝性、咀嚼性和回复性增大,熟饺子皮黏附性减小,硬度、弹性、胶凝性、咀嚼性和回复性增大,内聚性基本不变.     

石榴科植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展

目的研究石榴皮提取物对试验性糖尿病小鼠肝脏抗氧化能力的影响。方法用高、中、低剂量的石榴皮提取物治疗糖尿病小鼠5周后,观察其一般状况、肝脏的抗氧化能力及肝脏组织形态学变化。结果石榴皮提取物治疗组,与糖尿病模型组比较,血糖显著降低(P < 0.05),丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)显著降低、过氧化氢酶(CAT)显著降低(P < 0.01),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)显著增加(P < 0.05),高剂量组谷胱甘肽(GSH)显著增加(P < 0.01),低剂量组一氧化氮合酶(NOS)显著降低(P < 0.01),一氧化氮(NO)、谷胱甘肽转硫酶(GST)没有差异。光镜下石榴皮提取物治疗组肝组织细胞损伤较糖尿病组降低。结论石榴皮提取物具有增强肝脏的抗氧化能力和保护肝组织细胞,降低肝细胞损伤作用。     

柚子皮对水中六价铬的吸附性能研究

采用柚子皮制备生物吸附剂用于去除水中的Cr（VI）,考察了pH值、柚子皮投加量、柚子皮粒径、溶液离子强度、反应温度等因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,当溶液中Cr（VI）离子初始浓度15mg／L、pH 1．5、反应温度25℃、柚子皮投加量1．Og／100mL、吸附时间7h时,Cr（VI）离子去除率可达90％以上。柚于皮对Or（VI）离子的吸附过程可以用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模型来描述,吸附等温线线性相关性均较显著,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程。柚子皮对水中Cr（VI）离子吸附性能较好,且运行成本低,可推广应用于水中重金属离子的治理。     

The use of a cohesive zone model to study the fracture of fibre composites and adhesively-bonded joints

Analytical solutions for beam specimens used in fracture-mechanics testing of composites and adhesively-bonded joints typically use a beam on an elastic foundation model which assumes that a non-infinite, linear-elastic stiffness exists for the beam on the elastic foundation in the region ahead of the crack tip. Such an approach therefore assumes an elastic-stiffness model but without the need to assume a critical, limiting value of the stress, _max, for the crack tip region. Hence, they yield a single fracture parameter, namely the fracture energy, G _c. However, the corresponding value of _max that results can, of course, be calculated from knowledge of the value of G _c. On the other hand, fracture models and criteria have been developed which are based on the approach that two parameters exist to describe the fracture process: namely G _c and _max. Here _max is assumed to be a critical, limiting maximum value of the stress in the damage zone ahead of the crack and is often assumed to have some physical significance. A general representation of the two-parameter failure criteria approach is that of the cohesive zone model (CZM). In the present paper, the two-parameter CZM approach has been coupled mainly with finite-element analysis (FEA) methods. The main aims of the present work are to explore whether the value of _max has a unique value for a given problem and whether any physical significance can be ascribed to this parameter. In some instances, both FEA and analytical methods are used to provide a useful crosscheck of the two different approaches and the two different analysis methods.     

柚子皮基多孔炭的制备及其电容性能研究

利用水热浸渍法,以柚子皮为前驱体,在KOH活化作用下制备得到分级多孔炭电极(HPC)。通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪表征了材料的形貌和结构。采用循环伏安、恒定电流充放电和交流阻抗测试了材料的电化学性能。结果表明:材料呈现出由大孔、微孔和中孔组成的多孔结构,当前驱体和KOH质量比在1∶9时,获得的HPC材料(HPC-9)的电化学性能最好。电化学测试表明,在5mV/s下,HPC-9质量比电容高达306F/g,是未活化样品的23.5倍。在10000次循环下HPC-9容量无衰减。因此,这种利用生物质制备的分级多孔炭具有优异的电容性能,可望有良好的应用前景。