超声波辅助提取山竹果皮中的原花青素

文中研究了山竹果皮中原花青素的超声辅助提取工艺条件。通过单因素试验分析超声提取过程中超声功率、料液比、乙醇浓度、提取时间和温度等因素对原花青素提取率的影响,在此基础上,采用L9(34)正交试验优选出山竹果皮中原花青素提取的最佳条件。结果表明:各因素对原花青素提取率的影响大小顺序为乙醇浓度(B)>温度(C)>料液比(A)>时间(D);最佳工艺条件为料液比为1∶30,乙醇体积分数60%,提取温度50℃,提取时间45 min,此条件下山竹果皮中原花青素的提取率为15.61%。     

复合芦笋汁加工工艺研究

以芦笋弃料(笋皮)为原料,经破碎、榨汁后,出汁率为52.5%,含可溶性固形物3.8%。将25%～40%的芦笋原汁与10%～25%苹果原汁复合时,可较好地掩盖芦笋皮带入的苦味,而芦笋特有的清香味不受影响。芦笋原汁35%、苹果原汁15%、白砂糖3%、柠檬酸0.15%、阿斯巴甜0.03%与清水组成复合芦笋汁具有浓郁的芦笋清香味,略带苹果香味,甜酸适口。     

芒果皮粉对淀粉糊化与老化特性的影响

采用布拉班德黏度仪、差示扫描量热仪等测定芒果皮粉的添加对玉米淀粉和大米淀粉黏度、热特性、透光率、沉降率、凝胶硬度与色泽的影响。结果表明,随芒果皮粉添加量(0%~15%)的增加,2种淀粉的起糊温度逐渐降低,玉米淀粉糊峰值黏度在添加15%芒果皮粉时显著升高,崩解值增大;大米淀粉糊峰值黏度呈降低趋势,崩解值先降低后升高,2种淀粉回生值都显著降低。芒果皮粉的添加显著降低了2种淀粉的糊化和老化焓值及贮藏中透光率与沉降率的下降程度,减小玉米淀粉凝胶的硬度,降低了2种淀粉凝胶色泽的变化程度。说明芒果皮粉的添加影响淀粉的糊化特性,且影响趋势随淀粉品种不同而异,但能有效抑制2种淀粉的老化。     

柚果皮中生理活性成分研究进展

对柚果皮中黄酮类化合物、类柠檬苦素、天然色素及香精油的化学组成、分布、药理作用及应用等进行综述     

GC—MS分析柠檬不同品种果皮精油成分

以云南德宏地区栽培的不同柠檬品种为试材,利用气质联用技术（GC-MS）分析果皮精油挥发性成分种类及相对含量,比较不同品种挥发性成分差异。结果表明,费米耐劳、云柠1号、艾伦尤力克柠檬果皮精油中分别检测到23、20、27种挥发性成分,烯烃类、醇类、醛类、酯类和酮类是3个品种共有组分。烯烃类物质是主要组分,其中特征香气成分D-柠檬烯含量最高,β-蒎烯、γ-萜品烯次之。艾伦尤力克柠檬中挥发性物质的种类和含量均高于费米耐劳和云柠1号柠檬,主要特征香气成分含量也最高。     

Modification of pectin polysaccharides during ripening of postharvest banana fruit

Pectin is one of the major components of the primary cellular walls and middle lamella in plant tissues. In this study, water-soluble pectin (WSP) and acid-soluble pectin (ASP) fractions were isolated from pulp tissues of banana fruit at various ripening stages. Their monosaccharide compositions, glycosyl linkages and molecular mass distributions were evaluated. As ripening progressed, fruit firmness decreased rapidly, which was associated with the increase in the WSP content and the decrease in the ASP content. Meanwhile, the molecular mass distributions of WSP and ASP fractions exhibited a downshift tendency, indicating the disassembly of pectin polysaccharides. Moreover, galactose and galacturonic acid as the major monosaccharide compositions of pectin polysaccharides increased in WSP fraction but decreased in ASP fraction during fruit softening. GC–MS analysis further revealed that pectin polysaccharide had a 1,4-linked galactan/galacturonan backbone with different types of branching and terminal linkages in WSP and ASP fractions. During banana fruit ripening, the amount of 1,4-linked Galp residues of ASP fraction decreased significantly whereas 1,3,6-linked Galp, 1,2-linked Manp and 4-linked Araf residues disappeared, which was related to depolymerization of pectin polysaccharides. Overall, the study indicated that the modifications in polysaccharide compositions and glycosyl linkages, reduced molecular mass distributions and enhanced depolymerization of pectin fraction during banana ripening were responsible for fruit softening.     

The effect of the structure of native banana starch from two varieties on its acid hydrolysis

Two banana starches were studied to analyze the effect of the acid hydrolysis on their molecular structure, and the impact in their physicochemical features. The native banana starches exhibit differences in the amylose content, molar mass, gelatinization parameters, X-ray diffraction pattern, and pasting profile. These results suggested that different acid hydrolysis mechanisms may be operative in these two starches. The kinetic hydrolysis is different in both banana starches that are related to the crystalline packing of the starch molecules. This was confirmed by the amylose content, the X-ray diffraction pattern, and the thermal study in the acid hydrolyzed starches at different times. The acid-treated Roatan starch showed higher retrogradation than Macho starch, a phenomenon that increases in the sample hydrolyzed for the longer time. This pattern is related to the amylose/amylopectin ratio, the reduction in the molar mass and the gyration radius. The acid hydrolysis of banana starches, although they have some similarities, they are different.     

柿子皮提取物的抗氧化活性

为评价柿子皮提取物(persimmon peel extracts,PPE)的抗氧化活性,采用不同的抗氧化评价方法以及Fe2+-H2O2或Fe2+-VC诱导的离体鼠肝线粒体损伤模型。结果显示：PPE具有良好的总抗氧化活性、还原力、脂质过氧化抑制力以及自由基清除能力;清除DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基(O2·)、羟自由基(·OH)的IC50值分别为57、137、425μg/mL;另外,PPE能显著地抑制线粒体脂质过氧化、肿胀、蛋白氧化和ATPase活性降低。说明PPE有明显的体外抗氧化活性,有可能作为一种天然抗氧化剂的新原料。     

利用苹果皮核开发苹果醋饮料技术研究

以苹果皮、核为主要原料,采用液体深层发酵技术,经酒精发酵、醋酸发酵生产苹果醋饮料。分析比较了苹果皮、核、汁与正常苹果汁的基本成分的差异;探讨了酵母菌种、醋酸菌种的驯化培养;通过正交试验对苹果醋饮料的配方和感官指标进行了优化。所生产的苹果醋饮料产品的质量达到了有关标准的要求。     

利用脐橙皮研制九制陈皮的工艺探究

以脐橙加工的副产物-橙皮为原料,研究九制陈皮的制作工艺.通过单因素试验研究各因素对九制陈皮品质的影响,正交优化确定了制作九制陈皮的最佳工艺:陈皮25g,白砂糖50g,柠檬酸3g,食盐5g,冷水浸泡1 d.制作的九制陈皮颜色金黄,条状均匀并富有弹性,风味酸甜适中,回味浓香.