乙烯含量对抗冲共聚PP非等温结晶行为的影响

利用DSC研究了不同结晶速率下四种具有不同乙烯含量的抗冲共聚聚丙烯的非等温结晶动力学,采用Avrami方程和Avrami-Ozawa方程的结合（莫氏法）分析了非等温结晶动力学,结果表明,四种样品的Avrami指数在5～6范围内,说明具有不同乙烯含量的四种样品中的PP的结晶方式并不随冷却速率的变化而变化.F（T）的值随结晶度的增加而增加,a的值也有相似的变化,但变化不大,表明冷却速率越快,在单位时间内的结晶度越大,结晶方式并无多大变化。     

Polycrystalline silicon films on glass grown by amorphous-liquid-crystalline transition at temperatures below 330 °C

An approach to deposit polycrystalline silicon layers on amorphous substrates is presented. It is shown that metastable amorphous silicon can be transformed into its more stable microcrystalline structure at a temperature below 330 °C via an intermediate liquid solution stage. In particular, the interaction of liquid indium nanodroplets in contact with amorphous silicon is shown to lead to the formation of circular polycrystalline domains. Crystallinity of these domains is analyzed by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The droplet size necessary for the onset of crystallization is related to the temperature of the film. Full coverage of the substrate with microcrystalline silicon has been obtained at 320 °C within less than one hour. These films might act as seeding layers for further enlargement by steady-state liquid phase epitaxy.     

Development of correlation-based clustering method and its application to software sensing

The individuality of production devices should be taken into account when soft-sensors are designed for parallelized devices. Since it is expressed as differences of the correlation among measured variables, it is useful to cluster samples on the basis of the correlation among variables for adopting a multi-model approach. In addition, changes in process characteristics can be coped with in the same way. In the present work, a new clustering method, referred to as NC-spectral clustering, is proposed by integrating the nearest correlation (NC) method and spectral clustering. Spectral clustering is a graph partitioning method that can be used for sample classification when an affinity matrix of a weighted graph is given. The NC method can detect samples that are similar to the query from the viewpoint of the correlation without a teacher signal. In the proposed method, the NC method is used for constructing the weighted graph that expresses the correlation-based similarities between samples and the constructed graph is partitioned by using spectral clustering. In addition, a new soft-sensor design method is proposed on the basis of the proposed NC-spectral clustering. The usefulness of the proposed methods is demonstrated through a numerical example and a case study of parallelized batch processes. The performance of the proposed correlation-based method is better than that of the conventional distance-based methods.     

乳化基质自然储存失稳机理研究

为更有效研发高稳定性乳化基质,避免因乳胶基质失稳造成的生产和工程安全事故,务必深入研究乳化基质自然储存失稳机理。首先总结一般乳液的五大失稳机理:分层、絮凝、相反转、奥氏熟化和聚合,理论分析了乳化基质的失稳的机理可能为奥氏熟化和聚合。然后对制备的三种乳化基质进行自然储存和高低温循环实验,并使用激光粒度仪全程检测平均粒径变化。实验结果可知三种乳化基质的平均粒径都在±0.2μm范围内变化,属于仪器测试误差。则乳胶基质的平均粒径在老化过程中无变化,计算可知乳化基质不存在奥氏熟化和聚合过程。最后使用显微镜观测到乳化基质析晶的三个过程:晶核生成、晶体生长、晶体聚集。因此,乳化基质在自然储存老化过程中,不存在分层、絮凝、相反转、奥氏熟化和聚合,主要失稳机理是内相过饱和无机盐水溶液的析晶。     

尼龙612的结晶及熔融行为

用X射线衍射(WAXD)研究了尼龙612的晶型转变,低温下结晶得到尼龙612的β晶型,随结晶温度的升高,β晶型转变为α晶型。通过差示扫描量热(DSC)对尼龙612的熔融行为进行了研究,尼龙612样品经过不同的热处理后,其熔融行为发生较大的变化,出现了两个熔融峰,低温熔融峰与退火温度相近。在熔融过程中,当温度升高到退火温度时即发生熔融,出现一熔融峰。     

Heterostructured crystallization mechanism and its effect on enlarging the processing window of Fe-based nanocrystalline alloys

The harsh melt-spinning and annealing processes of high saturation magnetization nanocrystalline softmagnetic alloys are the biggest obstacles for their industrialization. Here, we proposed a novel strategy to enlarge the processing window by annealing the partially crystallized precursor ribbons via a heterostructured crystallization process. The heterostructured evolution of Fe_84.75Si₂B₉P_3C0.5Cu_0.75(at.%)alloy ribbons with different spinning rate were studied in detail, to demonstrate the gradient nucleation and grain refinement mechanisms. The nanocrystalline alloys made with industrially acceptable spinning rate of 25-30 m/s and normal annealing process exhibit excellent magnetic properties and fine nanostructure. The small quenched-in crystals/clusters in the free surface of the low spinning rate ribbons will not grow to coarse grains, because of the competitive grain growth and shielding effect of metalloid elements rich interlayer with a high stability. Avoiding the precipitation of quenched-in coarse grains in precursor ribbons is thus a new criterion for the composition and process design, which is more convenient than the former one with respect to the homogenous crystallization mechanism, and enable us to produce high performance nanocrystalline soft-magnetic alloys. This strategy is also suitable for improving the compositional adjustability, impurity tolerance, and enlarging the window of melt temperature,which is an important reference for the future development of composition and process.     

批次过程控制——回顾与展望

批次过程是一类重要的化工过程.因其本身的灵活性及高效性,被广泛应用于半导体制造、塑料加工、生物制药等领域.针对批次过程控制算法的研究也得到了大批学者的关注.在近三十年中,批次过程控制理论得到了长足的发展.但由于过程本身复杂的动态特性,以及对控制精度要求的提高,现有的理论和方法仍面临着挑战.本文从批次过程的特性出发,分析了算法设计的难点,对几种重要的控制算法进行总结分析,同时讨论了未来可能的发展方向.     

Win2003 Server中用户的批量建立和管理

使用一种简单有效的批处理文件方法解决大量用户建立的问题,简化了管理任务繁重,重复性工作多,出错几率增大的网络管理工作,极大的提高了个人和单位的工作效率,减少了错误发生,对于在网络出现不可恢复故障后及时重新构建用户方面具有重要的意义。     

分布式NoSQL系统写操作性能优化设计与实现

分布式NoSQL系统已经成功地展现出巨大的潜力。不过在很多应用场景中,主流分布式NoSQL系统对写操作的处理效率依然不高。首先对其中存在的问题进行分析,然后提出两个优化批处理算法解决服务端批量处理的低效问题。原型系统基于典型的分布式NoSQL系统HBase实现。与官方发布的HBase系统相比,在不影响原系统一致性和持久性设计的前提下,原型系统能有效提升写操作的批量处理效率,获得10倍的吞吐量。     

高冰镍浸出渣还原浸出工艺研究

以湿法冶炼高冰镍过程中产生的高冰镍浸出渣为研究对象,采用二氧化硫对高冰镍渣加压还原浸出,考察了初始硫酸浓度、液固比、通气方式、浸出温度和浸出时间对高冰镍渣还原浸出过程铜、铁行为的影响;对还原浸出液采用置换沉淀和冷冻结晶的方法,对还原浸出中铜和铁进行分离回收。结果表明：在初始硫酸浓度100 g/L、液固比6 mL/g、反应时间3 h、反应温度90℃、二氧化硫分压0.15 MPa的条件下,铁和铜的浸出率分别为99.35%、77.46%,浸出液中铁几乎全部为亚铁离子;在硫酸含量20～30 g/L、温度70℃、铁粉加入量5.7 g/L、反应时间40 min的条件下,对还原浸出液进行置换沉铜,沉铜率达到了99.70%,渣含铜为67.91%。在温度—10℃、保温时间20～30 min、初始硫酸浓度100 g/L的条件下,对沉铜后液进行冷冻结晶制备硫酸亚铁,铁沉淀率达到了72.6%,七水硫酸亚铁纯度达到了92.93%。