二丁基羟基甲苯对调理鸡肝贮藏过程中抗氧化效果的影响

研究调理肉制品在贮藏过程中的脂肪氧化情况以及不同添加水平的二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)的抗氧化效果。以调理鸡肝为试材,BHT 添加量分别为0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20g/kg 处理鸡肝,然后在冻藏条件下贮藏,通过测定其在不同贮藏时期的酸价、过氧化值和硫代巴比妥酸值判定其脂肪氧化的程度及BHT 的抗氧化效果。结果表明：除BHT 添加量0.20g/kg 组外,其他各组脂肪氧化主要开始于贮藏第15 天,之后脂肪氧化产物发生不同程度的分解;4 个处理组中,BHT 添加量0.20g/kg 可有效抑制过氧化值增长,BHT 添加量0.15g/kg 可有效减少脂肪氧化产物的分解。BHT 在调理鸡肝贮藏过程中有较好的抗氧化效果。     

鸡骨的综合加工利用

对鸡骨的营养特性进行了分析,阐明鸡骨是一种有开发前景的食品资源,对鸡骨的加工利用途径进行了综述,对鸡骨的综合利用提出了建议.     

The assessment of commercial beef and chicken bouillons in terms of heterocyclic aromatic amines and some of their precursors

Herein, the assessment of commercial beef and chicken bouillons in terms of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) and some of their precursors was evaluated. Creatine and creatinine levels were ranged between 0.57–0.80 and 0.28–0.94 mg g⁻¹, respectively. Glutamic acid was found to be the most abundant amino acid in both bouillons. 2-amino-3,7,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-ƒ]quinoxaline (7,8-DiMeIQx, up to 0.03 ng g⁻¹) was the only quantified analyte in beef bouillons, whereas it (up to 0.08 ng g⁻¹) was determined in addition to 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-ƒ]quinoxaline (IQx, up to 0.08 ng g⁻¹) in chicken bouillons. Creatine, creatinine and free amino acid composition did not have the capacity to initiate the formation of HAAs. Therefore, bouillons do not pose risk in terms of HAAs. However, it should be noted that multiple factors, such as the substrate amount and production conditions, may affect the results. Glutamic acid content is remarkable in commercial bouillons sold in Turkey.     

壳聚糖-荔枝木质精油可食膜的性能及在冷鲜鸡肉保鲜中的应用

为了解壳聚糖-荔枝木质精油可食膜在食品保鲜中的应用,在壳聚糖溶液中添加0％、2％、4％、6％、8％和10％的的荔枝木质精油(v/v,以壳聚糖溶液体积为基准),配制壳聚糖-荔枝木质精油可食膜,通过比较复合可食膜的机械性能、阻隔性能、抑菌性及抗氧化能力,获得最佳荔枝木质精油添加量;并以该比例精油复合可食膜进行冷鲜鸡肉包裹保...     

Transport of human immunoglobulin G and Fc-fusion proteins to chicken egg yolk

We examined the transport of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses and fusion proteins with the Fc region of human IgG to the egg yolk, after the proteins were injected into a vein of hens. Human IgGs were efficiently transported and accumulated into the yolk, whereas the proteins were not detected in the egg white. Among human IgG subclasses, IgG2 was transported most efficiently. Fc-fusion proteins injected were also transported into the yolk. A fusion protein with the Fc region derived from human IgG2 was more efficiently transported into the yolk than the counterpart fusion with the Fc region from human IgG1. This study shows that the recovery of recombinant antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins from the yolk is an effective method in transgenic chicken bioreactors.     

Heat-induced Gelation of Chicken Gizzard Myosin

Chicken gizzard myosin solution formed a gel when heated above 40°C. The rigidity of the gel was constant above 65°C. Maximum pH for gel formation was 5.9 at 0.6M and 5.7 at 0.15M KCl. Higher rigidity of the myosin gel was observed at low ionic strength than at high ionic strength. Rigidities of myosin at 0.6M KCl increased by (mg/mL)^2.5 and at 0.15M (mg/mL)^{1, 4} myosin concentration. The strength of gizzard myosin gels was comparable to that of myosin gels from chicken breast muscle under similar conditions.     

Pre-Chill Spray of Chicken Carcasses to Reduce Salmonella typhimurium

A test chamber was designed and constructed and prechill chicken carcasses inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium were treated in it. They were sprayed with tap water, 0.85% sodium chloride (NaCl), 5% or 10% trisodium phosphate (TSP), 5% or 10% sodium bisulfate (SBS), 0.1% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), or 1% lactic acids (LAC) at 207, 345 or 827 kPa pressure for either 30 or 90 sec exposure time. Samples were taken from carcass wash water to determine the most probable number of Salmonella. Compared to tap water spraying, 0.85% NaCl spraying did not significantly reduce Salmonella. The greatest reductions of S. typhimurium, by 10% TSP, 10% SBS, 0.1% CPC or 1% LAC spraying, were 3.7, 2.4, 1.6 or 1.6 log in 90 sec treatments, respectively.     

烘烤条件对鸡肉糜脯品质影响的研究

以鸡肉为原料,研究鸡肉糜脯工艺中的烘烤环节对终产品色泽、硬度和感官等品质的影响。通过正交实验,确定了鸡肉糜脯烘烤的最佳工艺条件是烘制温度为60℃,烘制结束水分为42%,烤制温度为120℃,烤制结束水分含量为25%。通过极差分析可知:最终水分含量对色泽、硬度和感官结果的影响都是最大的。     

冷鲜鸡胸肉主要腐败菌的分离及低温贮藏对货架期的影响

冷鲜鸡肉的货架期与其腐败菌的种类和数量密切相关。采用选择性培养基对冷鲜鸡胸肉中的主要腐败菌进行了分离,并对其低温条件下的货架期进行了研究。结果表明,假单胞菌、热死环丝菌、肠杆菌和乳酸菌是冷鲜鸡胸肉中的主要腐败菌;在低温贮藏过程中,前两种菌的数量呈明显上升趋势,并成为优势菌群。在2、4、8和10℃贮藏条件下,冷鲜鸡胸肉的货架期分别为14、10、5和3 d。     

鸡骨酶解液营养分析及脱苦研究

对鸡骨酶解液进行营养成分分析和脱苦研究,结果表明:酶解液中含有17种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸除色氨酸外都被检出,且含量较高,含量最高的为精氨酸(1.349 g·L-1),其次为谷氨酸(1.246 g·L-1).矿物质含量较低,其中钙和磷比不呈2:1.1%甘氨酸和7%葡萄糖,分别用于掩蔽苦味,效果较好.用1:3复合蛋白酶和风味酶组成的混合酶解鸡骨可降低酶解液苦味.