琼东南盆地古近系渐新统烃源岩地球化学特征及生烃潜力分析

琼东南盆地新生界主要发育3套烃源岩,即始新统湖相油源岩、渐新统气源岩及中新统海相气源岩。勘探研究表明,迄今为止在琼东南盆地发现的油气主要来自渐新统烃源岩。渐新统煤系烃源岩有机碳含量和生烃潜力都达到了好的烃源岩有机质丰度标准,渐新统崖城组和陵水组泥岩有机碳含量较高,具有一定的生烃潜力;崖城组和陵水组烃源岩干酪根显微组分主要为镜质组,富氢组分腐泥组和壳质组含量较低,干酪根类型主要为Ⅱ。型和Ⅲ型,以生气为主。崖城组煤系烃源岩正构烷烃以高碳数分布为主,Pr／Ph值较高,伽马蜡烷指数低,烃源岩主要发育于氧化环境;崖城组泥岩以氧化环境为特征,藿烷系列化合物中检测到高含量的奥利烷,表明高等植物生源输入明显,煤抽提物中规则甾烷C27、C28、C29呈反“L”型分布,主要以高等植物的陆源输入为主,崖城组和陵水组泥岩规则甾烷C27、C28、C29呈“V”型分布,表明生源除了高等植物,藻类也有一定的贡献,部分陵水组烃源岩样品藻类输入明显增多,生烃条件更加有利。     

鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区延长组下油层组原油地球化学特征及油源对比

华庆地区位于鄂尔多斯盆地的湖盆中心,是鄂尔多斯盆地超低渗油藏勘探开发的重点地区之一。系统采集了华庆地区延长组长8、长9和长10等油层组原油和长7段烃源岩\,长8段烃源岩样品,分析原油和烃源岩中生物标志化合物,研究生物标志化合物分布和组成,探讨原油的成因和油源问题。结果表明长8、长9和长10等油层组原油属于同一族原油,具有相同的成因,它们的油源均为长7段烃源岩。     

Early detection of food pathogens and food spoilage microorganisms: Application of metabolomics

BackgroundFood safety is a major issue, with a large number of people around the world suffering from illness due to the consumption of contaminated and unsafe food products. An early detection of food pathogens and spoilage microorganisms is an important step that can help to control a foodborne outbreak, thus avoiding the loss of a massive amount of food products.Scope and approachMetabolomics is generally a hypothesis generating tool that makes use of different analytical instruments to analyse as many metabolites as possible in a given biological sample. Metabolomics has already been successfully applied to different areas of food science. Here, I present metabolomics as a valuable tool for studying the metabolism of food pathogens and spoilage microorganisms.Key findings and conclusionsThe scientific area of metabolomics has improved tremendously over last decade. Due to the rapid development of instrumental platforms, it is now possible to analyse a wide range of metabolites present in food and produced by microorganisms. This approach has a high potential to determine biomarkers which can later be used for the development of early detection tools for food pathogens and spoilage microorganisms, thus ensuring a better management of food safety.     

柴达木盆地乌南—绿草滩地区烃源岩地球化学特征

依据烃源岩有机质丰度、有机质类型和有机质成熟度分析,发现乌南—绿草滩地区较好—好烃源岩主要分布在下干柴沟组上段和下干柴沟组下段。烃源岩生物标志化合物主要特征为正烷烃系列中—低碳数(15～19)出现偶碳数优势,高碳数(25～29)表现为奇数碳优势。萜类化合物表现出高伽马蜡烷—高三环萜和低伽马蜡烷—低三环萜2种类型,C34、C35升霍烷含量较低,甾烷既有C27优势,也有C29优势。反映烃源岩发育区主要处在深湖相带与滨浅湖相带之间的过渡相带,水生生物与陆源高等植物有机质生源各有一定比例。值得关注的是,在绿参1井不同深度的5个古近系—新近系烃源岩样品,在其芳烃馏分中均检测到三联苯系列化合物,发现三联苯系列中不同取代位置的同分异构体相对含量和烃源岩中有机质的热演化程度表现出很好的正相关性,成为氯仿沥青"A"芳烃馏分中判识烃源岩有机质热演化程度的有意义参数。     

Detection of Escherichia coli via VOC profiling using secondary electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (SESI-MS)

Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EC O157:H7), as well as its recently emerging non-O157 relatives, are a notorious group of pathogenic bacteria associated with foodborne outbreaks. In this study, we demonstrated that secondary electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (SESI-MS) could be a rapid and accurate detection technology for foodborne pathogens. With SESI-MS volatile organic compound (VOC) profiling, we were able to detect and separate a group of eleven E. coli strains from two major foodborne bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium in three food modeling media. In addition, heatmap analysis of relative peak intensity show that there are six core peaks (m/z of 65, 91, 92, 117, 118 and 119) present and at a similar intensity in all eleven E. coli strains at the experimental conditions we tested. These peaks can be considered conserved VOC biomarkers for E. coli species (robustly produced after just 4 h of growth). Bacterial strain-level differentiation was also attempted via VOC profiling, and we found that EC O157:H7 and EC O145 were differentiable from all other EC strains under the conditions investigated.     

1-Hydroxypyrene and 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene as biomarkers of exposure to PAH in various environmental exposure situations

Objective

To evaluate the utility of urinary 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OH-B[a]P) as a biomarker of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in various environmental exposure scenarios alongside the more usually studied 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-Pyr).

Methods

Two groups of 15 and 10 non smoking, healthy men and women, were exposed for approximately 6 h to ambient air at two outdoor locations close to metallurgical industries, and at one indoor location in an urban setting. Atmospheric measurements of 16 “priority” PAHs were carried out during each exposure. Urinary 1-OH-Pyr and 3-OH-B[a]P were also analysed, samples being taken the morning before exposure, at the end of exposure, then 4 and 15 h after the end of exposure. Urinary 1-OH-Pyr and 3-OH-B[a]P were analysed using high performance liquid chromatograph with fluorescence detection. Limits of detection (LOD) were 0.092 nmol/L and 0.28 pmol/L for 1-OH-Pyr and 3-OH-B[a]P respectively.

Results

Average ambient air concentrations varied from 0.27 to 2.87 ng/m³ for pyrene, 0.04 to 1.20 ng/m³ for B[a]P, and from 70.0 to 910.6 ng/m³ for the sum of the 16 PAH (ΣPAHs). Concentrations of 1-OH-Pyr were not correlated with atmospheric concentrations of PAHs to which subjects were exposed, nor with the concentrations of 3-OH-B[a]P. Nearly 80% of measurements of 3-OH-B[a]P were lower than the LOD and no relationship between atmospheric concentrations and urinary metabolites was observable. However, the percentage of post-exposure values of 3-OH-B[a]P greater than the LOD increased significantly with the median of atmospheric concentrations of Pyr, B[a]P and ΣPAH at the different sites (test of linear trend, p < 0.02 in all cases).

Conclusion

Although we used very sensitive techniques for the measurements of urinary metabolites, especially for 3-OH-B[a]P, neither 1-OH-Pyr nor 3-OH-B[a]P were an unequivocal biomarker of exposure to atmospheric PAHs in environmental exposure scenarios relevant to the general population. It would be interesting to investigate other urinary monohydroxy PAH metabolites in this context.     

GEOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ORDOVICIAN OILS FROM THE TUOPUTAI REGION,NORTHERN TARIM BASIN,NW CHINA: SOURCE ROCK CORRELATION

Molecular and stable carbon isotope compositions of 46 Ordovician crude oil samples from wells in the Tuoputai region of the northern Tarim Basin were investigated using GC–MS, MRM GC–MS and IRMS to determine their genetic relationships and to identify possible source rocks. Thirty-three source rock samples from outcrops and cores were also investigated. The oil samples varied from light to heavy crudes and showed very narrow δ¹³C value ranges for the whole oil, saturated and aromatic fractions. The majority of the oils displayed very similar molecular compositions with relatively high concentrations of n-alkanes and isoprenoids and low concentrations of terpenoids and steroids. Comparison of the compositions of these crude oils strongly suggested their genetic affinity, while maturity parameters indicated maturity variations from the peak to the late oil generation stages. The samples also showed the characteristics of mixtures of biodegraded and fresh oil charges. Bitumen extracts from Cambrian and Ordovician source rocks were studied in detail. The oil compositions suggested a marine marl source deposited in anoxic, hypersaline conditions with significant bacterial and algal organic matter inputs. The distributions of C₂₆–C₂₈ triaromatic steroids, tricyclic terpanes and regular steranes appear to have been greatly influenced by thermal maturation, making them unreliable for correlating the oils and the source rocks. In contrast, dinosteranes and triaromatic dinosteroids seem not to have been affected by maturation and were more useful for correlation studies. They indicated that there was no or little genetic relationship between the Cambrian – Lower Ordovician source rocks and the oils, but in general suggested a possible Middle – Upper Ordovician source for the oil accumulations in the Tuoputai field. However, the occurrence of triaromatic dinosteroids in oil from well TP28XCX may also suggest a minor contribution from Cambrian – Lower Ordovician source rocks.     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部镇泾地区中生界原油地球化学特征及油源分析

系统采集了鄂尔多斯盆地南部镇泾地区中生界的烃源岩、原油及油砂样品,对它们抽提物中的饱和烃馏分进行GC-MS分析,研究饱和烃生物标志化合物组成特征,探讨研究区中生界原油的来源.研究表明:根据姥植比、C30重排藿烷和8β(H)-补身烷相对含量,镇泾地区中生界烃源岩可划分为A1、A2、A3、B4类,原油可划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ2类.Ⅰ类原油来自深湖相沉积相带的长7油页岩(A1类),Ⅱ类原油来自深湖—半深湖沉积相带的长7暗色泥岩(A2类).长7油页岩是鄂尔多斯盆地南部中生界的主力烃源岩,各油层组的原油主要来自该烃源岩.     

The nature and consequence of vitronectin interaction in the non-compromised contact lens wearing eye

Purpose

The aim of this work was to investigate the locus and extent of vitronectin (Vn) deposition on ex vivo contact lenses and to determine the influence of wear modality together with surface and bulk characteristics of the lens material.