基于数字图像处理的纱线条干均匀度检测初探

本文以四种不同规格的纯棉纱线为例,提出一种基于数字图像处理技术来检测纱线条干不匀率的方法。采用MRS-4800M48U型扫描仪采集纱线图像,然后对纱线图像进行维纳滤波、阈值分割、形态学开运算处理,得到条干清晰、无噪声的纱线图像,最后基于经处理后的图像计算纱线的直径和纱线的条干CV值,图像法检测出的纱线条干CV值与乌斯特条干仪检测出的结果非常接近,这表明,本文提出的纱线条干均匀度检测方法是可行的,能准确高效地检测出的纱线条干CV值,客观地反映纱线的外观质量。     

面料性能与大波浪斜裙裙摆下垂量的关系研究

选取17种常见面料采用同一样板,制作出大波浪斜裙,并分别从5个不同的角度测试趋于稳定时的裙摆下垂量.通过分析研究,结果表明:不同的面料,质量及厚度越大,面密度、弯曲刚度、悬垂系数及硬挺度越小,则大波浪斜裙裙摆下垂量越大;由同一面料制成的大波浪斜裙,45°丝缕方向上的下垂量最大,22.5°和67.5°丝缕方向上的下垂量次...     

抗紫外涤纶纤维/玉米纤维/棉混纺织物的开发

文章介绍了抗紫外涤纶纤维/玉米纤维/棉的混纺织物的特点与性能,着重介绍了混纺织物的纺织加工技术关键及所采取的措施。     

棉/彩棉/绢丝混纺纱线的研制

为研究彩棉/绢丝混纺纱线的混纺比与成纱品质及拉伸性能之间的关系,利用天然棕色棉、白棉、绢丝3种纤维原料以不同的混纺比进行混纺,探讨其纺纱加工工艺,并纺制了系列棉/彩棉/绢丝混纺纱线,分别对不同混纺比纱线的性能进行测试。研究结果表明,随着绢丝含量的增加,天然彩色棉混纺纱线的强度、断裂伸长率、条干均匀度、粗节和细节等指标都得到明显改善。绢丝的加入对混纺纱线的棉结和毛羽没有明显的影响。绢丝原料可以在总体上改善天然彩色棉混纺纱线的性能。     

聚乳酸纤维/氨纶弹力包芯纱的开发

文章探讨了聚乳酸纤维/氨纶弹力包芯纱的生产工艺,阐述了在环锭细纱机上纺制聚乳酸纤维/氨纶弹力包芯纱的方法及各生产工序的工艺要点,对影响聚乳酸纤维/氨纶弹力包芯纱的主要工艺参数进行了工艺试验,并通过正交试验确定了纱线捻度和氨纶丝预牵伸倍数的最优工艺配置,最终顺利纺制出了40.13tex(77dtex)聚乳酸纤维与氨纶弹力包芯纱,质量达到了较好水平。     

应用卷积神经网络的细纱断纱锭位识别

针对图像检测细纱断头过程中难以精确获取断头纱线位置的难题,研究了基于图像处理的细纱断纱锭位探测系统。安装在巡回小车上的工业相机,在细纱机前巡回过程中拍摄纺纱段的图像后,对细纱机台大梁上的锭位标识字符进行定位切割、形态学处理、字符分割后得到清晰的字符图像,再借助卷积神经网络对字符图像进行识别,并输出断纱锭位编号。通过对神经网络的结构筛选表明,卷积层的特征映射为4、亚采样层池化矩阵的大小为 2、迭代次数为 300 时,神经网络的准确率达97%以上,识别1 幅图像锭位用时1.152 s。实验结果表明,该系统可识别细纱断头纱线位置并输出。     

原棉成纱品质质量模型

基于对国内外原棉性能与成纱品质关系的研究,提出棉纤维综合品质指数(IFQI)的概念是棉纤维品质性状的综合表达,能表示原棉和成纱品质质量,是预测成纱强力的一个中间参数,并与成纱强力成正比的一个无量纲指标。在纺纱试验的基础上,建立了棉纤维综合品质指数的模型。该模型具有机理性强、自变量少、形式简单直观等优点。     

Advances in electrospinning: The production and application of nanofibres and nanofibrous structures

The use of electrospun nanofibres in applications such as medical products, fuel cells, photocatalysis, filtration, sensors and actuators is reviewed. Yarn production is classified into two types, namely hollow and core-shell structures; the methods used for producing the two structures for different polymers are discussed. Explanations are given for the various arrangements for producing nanofibre yarns and bundles in non-twisted or twisted forms to suit their end use. Natural and synthetic polymer products for biomedical uses and their applications in the form of polymer nanofibres are reviewed and polymeric optical fibres for use in photonic devices and optical circuits are evaluated. The production and development of nanofibrous filtration devices is explored with specific reference to water treatment and the control of air pollution. Particular attention is then given to the evaluation of different electrospinning methods for PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), a piezoelectric polymer widely used in sensor applications in terms of their ability to harvest more energy after agitation of the sensor and the effects of different additives on the piezoelectric properties of PVDF. Priorities for further research are then outlined.     

The dimensional and mechanical properties of wool/polyester fabrics made from vortex and ring-spun yarns

Fabric woven from wool/polyester (PES) Murata vortex spun (MVS) blend yarn is a commercially viable proposition particularly on the basis of advantageous wear-resistant properties, compared with fabric made from traditional worsted ring-spun yarn. However, in some early industrial trials with fabric made from 45/55-blend wool/PES MVS yarn, significantly greater relaxation shrinkage was found relative to comparable worsted ring-spun fabric. It was noted at the time that the amount of relaxation shrinkage in MVS fabric could be reduced to a large extent by using steamed MVS yarn.

In this study, the extent of variations in the dimensional and mechanical properties of fabric samples woven from a combination of steamed and unsteamed MVS yarn and equivalent worsted ring-spun yarn is examined. In general, greater hygral expansion and relaxation shrinkage were found in loom-state fabrics made from unsteamed MVS yarns, whereas the fabric made from steamed MVS and ring-spun yarns gave relatively low levels of relaxation shrinkage and hygral expansion. Permanent setting of fabrics, by pressure steaming, was found to be more effective than yarn pre-steaming in reducing relaxation shrinkage levels of fabrics made from unsteamed MVS yarn. After pressure steaming, all fabrics showed similar levels of relaxation shrinkage and hygral expansion.

Permanent setting of the fabrics, by pressure steaming, resulted in similar levels of relaxation shrinkage and hygral expansion, irrespective of the yarn production method; relaxation shrinkage fell to around 1% and hygral expansion increased by about 1%, relative to the loom-state samples. MVS fabrics were relatively heavier and fuller and had a firmer handle than the worsted ring-spun fabrics, reflecting the greater fabric weight, thickness and shear rigidity measured on these fabrics. These attributes are associated with different structures of the worsted ring-spun and MVS yarns used to make the fabrics.     

提高聚乙烯醇─丝蛋白共混纤维白度及色泽鲜艳度的探讨

探讨了双氧水、保险粉漂白及增白剂增白工艺条件对聚乙烯醇─丝蛋白共混纤维白度及染色鲜艳度的影响。结果表明，双氧水漂白所获得的白度比保险粉漂白的高。如果要求有较高白度，可采用双氧水─保险粉双漂工艺。