Argazol NF活性染料对牛奶/棉混纺织物的染色研究

针对牛奶纤维不耐碱的特点,选择雅格素中性固色活性染料对牛奶/棉混纺织物进行染色研究。研究结果表明:染色温度对上染率的影响较大;染料浓度2%时,75℃保温90分钟、85℃保温60分钟、95℃保温45分钟染色的上染率相当,约为77%;低温长时染色条件更适宜对牛奶/棉混纺织物染色,75℃保温90分钟的染色效果最好;雅格素中性固色活性染料对牛奶纤维/棉混纺织物染色适宜染淡、中色,牢度较好。染料浓度低于4%时,提升性较好。     

高密度二氧化碳技术对牛奶杀菌效果动力学分析

Inactivation kinetics of total bacteria counts in the milk exposed to dense phase carbon dioxide (DPCD) was investigated.Stronger inactivation of total bacteria counts was achieved at higher pressure and exposure time (p<0.05）.Treatment temperature had synergistic effects with pressure and expose time on the inactivation of total bacteria counts,and lg(N/N₀) significantly decreased when increasing the temperature (p<0.05）.The maximum reduction was 5.082-log at 30 MPa and 50℃ for 70 min.The survival curves of total bacteria counts in the milk against pressure or temperature were fitted by the Weibull model with high regression coefficients,and model parameters,a value (scale factor) and b value (shape factor) changed regularly with increasing pressure or temperature.     

牛奶纤维的新崛起

综述牛奶纤维在国外的开发历史,研究现状,纤维的性能特点以及制造工艺等。并对目前开发研制该种纤维在中国市场的意义进行评述。     

A Newly Developed Synbiotic Yogurt Prevents Diabetes by Improving the Microbiome–Intestine–Pancreas Axis

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is increasing worldwide, and there are no long-term preventive strategies to stop this growth. Emerging research shows that perturbations in the gut microbiome significantly contribute to the development of T2D, while microbiome modulators may be beneficial for T2D prevention. However, microbiome modulators that are effective, safe, affordable, and able to be administered daily are not yet available. Based on our previous pro- and prebiotic studies, we developed a novel synbiotic yogurt comprised of human-origin probiotics and plant-based prebiotics and investigated its impact on diet- and streptozotocin-induced T2D in mice. We compared the effects of our synbiotic yogurt to those of a commercially available yogurt (control yogurt). Interestingly, we found that the feeding of the synbiotic yogurt significantly reduced the development of hyperglycemia (diabetes) in response to high-fat diet feeding and streptozotocin compared to milk-fed controls. Surprisingly, the control yogurt exacerbated diabetes progression. Synbiotic yogurt beneficially modulated the gut microbiota composition compared to milk, while the control yogurt negatively modulated it by significantly increasing the abundance of detrimental bacteria such as Proteobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae. In addition, the synbiotic yogurt protected pancreatic islet morphology compared to the milk control, while the control yogurt demonstrated worse effects on islets. These results suggest that our newly developed synbiotic yogurt protects against diabetes in mice and can be used as a therapeutic to prevent diabetes progression.     

Human Milk Antibodies against S1 and S2 Subunits from SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E in Mothers with a Confirmed COVID-19 PCR,Viral SYMPTOMS,and Unexposed Mothers

Background: Preexisting immunity to SARS-CoV-2 could be related to cross-reactive antibodies to common human-coronaviruses (HCoVs). This study aimed to evaluate whether human milk antibodies against to S1 and S2 subunits SARS-CoV-2 are cross-reactive to S1 and S2 subunits HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E in mothers with a confirmed COVID-19 PCR test, in mothers with previous viral symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic, and in unexposed mothers; Methods: The levels of secretory IgA (SIgA)/IgA, secretory IgM (SIgM)/IgM, and IgG specific to S1 and S2 SARS-CoV-2, and reactive to S1 + S2 HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E were measured in milk from 7 mothers with a confirmed COVID-19 PCR test, 20 mothers with viral symptoms, and unexposed mothers (6 Ctl1-2018 and 16 Ctl2-2018) using ELISA; Results: The S2 SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were higher in the COVID-19 PCR (p = 0.014) and viral symptom (p = 0.040) groups than in the Ctl1-2018 group. We detected a higher number of positive correlations between the antigens and secretory antibodies in the COVID-19 PCR group than in the viral symptom and Ctl-2018 groups. S1 + S2 HCoV-OC43-reactive IgG was higher in the COVID-19 group than in the control group (p = 0.002) but did not differ for the other antibodies; Conclusions: Mothers with a confirmed COVID-19 PCR and mothers with previous viral symptoms had preexisting human milk antibodies against S2 subunit SARS-CoV-2. Human milk IgG were more specific to S2 subunit SARS-CoV-2 than other antibodies, whereas SIgA and SIgM were polyreactive and cross-reactive to S1 or S2 subunit SARS-CoV-2.     

Transglycosylation Activity of Engineered Bifidobacterium Lacto-N-Biosidase Mutants at Donor Subsites for Lacto-N-Tetraose Synthesis

The health benefits of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) make them attractive targets as supplements for infant formula milks. However, HMO synthesis is still challenging and only two HMOs have been marketed. Engineering glycoside hydrolases into transglycosylases may provide biocatalytic routes to the synthesis of complex oligosaccharides. Lacto-N-biosidase from Bifidobacterium bifidum (LnbB) is a GH20 enzyme present in the gut microbiota of breast-fed infants that hydrolyzes lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), the core structure of the most abundant type I HMOs. Here we report a mutational study in the donor subsites of the substrate binding cleft with the aim of reducing hydrolytic activity and conferring transglycosylation activity for the synthesis of LNT from p-nitrophenyl β-lacto-N-bioside and lactose. As compared with the wt enzyme with negligible transglycosylation activity, mutants with residual hydrolase activity within 0.05% to 1.6% of the wild-type enzyme result in transglycosylating enzymes with LNT yields in the range of 10–30%. Mutations of Trp394, located in subsite -1 next to the catalytic residues, have a large impact on the transglycosylation/hydrolysis ratio, with W394F being the best mutant as a biocatalyst producing LNT at 32% yield. It is the first reported transglycosylating LnbB enzyme variant, amenable to further engineering for practical enzymatic synthesis of LNT.     

一款含鲜奶面霜缓解皮肤红斑反应的功效评价研究

采用客观仪器评价方法对含鲜奶面霜单次使用后的缓解皮肤红斑反应的功效进行研究。选择30名18~55周岁有效受试者为研究对象,使用胶带粘贴及组胺刺激构建皮肤红斑反应模型,并采用无创仪器的方式检测并记录实验组、安慰剂组、阴性组及空白组受试者在组胺造模前、造模后、涂抹产品后30 min和60 min时的皮肤红斑指数EI值、皮肤敏感度值,采集皮肤图像,通过SPSS数据统计软件对实验结果进行统计分析。结果显示,含鲜奶面霜可以持续改善皮肤红斑指数EI值和皮肤敏感度,缓解由组胺导致的皮肤红晕反应,说明其具有一定的缓解皮肤红斑反应,改善皮肤敏感状态的功能。     

加压碳化体系对纳米碳酸钙粒度和分散性的影响

利用加压碳化体系制备粒径均一、高分散性纳米碳酸钙材料。考察氢氧化钙浓度、表面活性剂添加量、反应温度、CO2压力对制备纳米CaCO3粒子尺寸和分散程度的影响,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、Zeta电位和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对制备的纳米碳酸钙粒子进行表征。结果表明,最优加压碳化反应条件是Ca(OH)2质量浓度为2%、表面活性剂添加量为3%(占碳酸钙理论产量的百分比)、反应温度为40℃、CO2压力为6 MPa,所得立方形碳酸钙平均粒径为117 nm,晶型为方解石型碳酸钙。碳化反应加入表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)使CaCO3表面形成的正电荷增大至+37.7 mV并高于标准值30 mV,表明制备的CaCO3产品具有良好的分散性且稳定。通过FT-IR和Zeta电位对CTAB改性前后CaCO3纳米粒子进行表征,探讨了CTAB对合成纳米CaCO3分散性的影响机理,为纳米碳酸钙制备提供了一种新的方法。     

Customization of ZrO2 loose/tight bilayer ultrafiltration membranes by reverse micelles-mediated aqueous sol-gel process for wastewater treatment

Two types of spherical zirconyl oxalate aqueous sols were successfully customized by a reverse micelles-mediated aqueous sol-gel process, and the sols were sequentially spin-coated on porous supports to prepare ZrO₂ loose/tight bilayer ultrafiltration membranes. After three times of spin-coating process, a defect-free ZrO₂ loose ultrafiltration membrane with pure water permeability of 110.5 ± 2.25 L m^?2 h^-1 bar^-1, molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 16.5 kDa and excellent rejection of up to 97.5 % for bovine serum albumin was fabricated. Then, the loose ultrafiltration membrane was used as a substrate to prepare ZrO₂ tight ultrafiltration membrane. Performances of tight ultrafiltration membrane regarding to permeability, retention of polyethylene glycol and treatment of dyes wastewater were evaluated. The tight ultrafiltration membrane with a thickness of 200 nm exhibited a pure water permeability of 22.5 ± 0.3 L m^-2 h^-1 bar^-1 and MWCO of 1150 Da. Additionally, the rejections of methyl red and methyl orange by the tight ultrafiltration membrane were both <65 %, while of alizarin red, direct red, bromocresol green and methyl blue achieved maximum values of 98.5 %, 99.2 %, 99.5 % and 99.6 %, respectively. The fouled membranes could restore the virgin performance for reuse by cleaning and low-temperature calcination.     

Polymorphism of milk fat studied by differential scanning calorimetry and real-time X-ray powder diffraction

The crystallization behavior of milk fat was investigated by varying the cooling rate and by isothermal solidification at various temperatures while monitoring the formation of crystals by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Three different polymorphic crystal forms were observed in milk fat: γ, α, and β′. The β-form, occasionally observed in previous studies, was not found. The kind of polymorph formed during crystallization of milk fat from its melted state was dependent on the cooling rate and the final temperature. Moreover, transitions between the different polymorphic forms were shown to occur upon storing or heating the milk fat. The characteristic DSC heating curve of milk fat is interpreted on the basis of the XRD measurements, and appears to be a combined effect of selective crystallization of triglycerides and polymorphism.