273 K及323 K条件下NaCl–NaBr–CH3OH三元体系相平衡 研究及其应用

为了对苦卤结晶析出的Na(Cl,Br)固溶体中氯化钠组分和溴化钠组分进行分离,测定了NaCl–NaBr–CH3OH三元体系在273及323 K温度时的溶解度数据,根据测得的液相点和湿渣相点确定了对应的固相点,由此绘制出了两个温度下的相图。结果显示,273及323 K温度下该三元体系的相图特征相似,均只有一个共饱点、两条饱和溶解度曲线,对应的固相结晶区有三个：NaCl纯盐结晶区、NaCl和Na(Cl,Br)固溶体共结晶区、Na(Cl,Br)固溶体结晶区。NaBr在无水甲醇中溶解度的增大导致NaCl溶解度大幅减小,说明NaBr对NaCl产生了较强的盐析效应,273 K时两种溶质在甲醇中的溶解度均比323 K时的溶解度大。依据273和323 K的NaCl–NaBr–CH3OH体系相图及298 K的NaCl–NaBr–H2O体系相图设计了分离Na(Cl,Br)固溶体中氯化钠和溴化钠的工艺。     

Defect‐Tailoring Mediated Electron–Hole Separation in Single‐Unit‐Cell Bi3O4Br Nanosheets for Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution and Nitrogen Fixation

Solar photocatalysis is a potential solution to satisfying energy demand and its resulting environmental impact. However, the low electron–hole separation efficiency in semiconductors has slowed the development of this technology. The effect of defects on electron–hole separation is not always clear. A model atomically thin structure of single‐unit‐cell Bi₃O₄Br nanosheets with surface defects is proposed to boost photocatalytic efficiency by simultaneously promoting bulk‐ and surface‐charge separation. Defect‐rich single‐unit‐cell Bi₃O₄Br displays 4.9 and 30.9 times enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and nitrogen fixation activity, respectively, than bulk Bi₃O₄Br. After the preparation of single‐unit‐cell structure, the bismuth defects are controlled to tune the oxygen defects. Benefiting from the unique single‐unit‐cell architecture and defects, the local atomic arrangement and electronic structure are tuned so as to greatly increase the charge separation efficiency and subsequently boost photocatalytic activity. This strategy provides an accessible pathway for next‐generation photocatalysts.     

CsPbI2Br无机钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性的研究进展

有机-无机杂化钙钛矿材料中易挥发的有机成分(MA⁺,FA⁺)用高耐热性无机金属铯离子(Cs⁺)取代,用其制备的太阳能电池具有优异的热稳定性。自2016年以来,以CsPbI₂Br材料作为光活性层的无机钙钛矿太阳能电池(IPSCs)的光电转换效率(PCE)从9.84%提高到18.06%,但是IPSCs的稳定性问题仍然制约其商业化。本文总结和分析了影响CsPbI₂Br IPSCs稳定性的因素,从制备工艺、离子掺杂、界面优化等方面评述了近年来IPSCs稳定性的研究进展,并展望了CsPbI₂Br IPSCs的研究趋势和发展方向。     

二乙二醇甲基丁基醚的合成研究

在氮气保护下,以二乙二醇单甲醚(C5H12O3,DEGME)和正溴丁烷为(n-C4H9Br)原料,氢氧化钠为催化剂,苯为带水剂,通过Williamson反应合成了二乙二醇甲基丁基醚(DGBME);用正交实验法对合成条件进行了优化,气相色谱法分析了产品中DGBME的含量,FT-IR和1HNMR法表征了产物结构。结果表明,适宜的反应条件为:反应温度80℃,反应时间4 h,n(n-C4H9Br)∶n(DEGME)=1.06∶1,n(NaOH)∶n(DEGME)=1.5∶1.0;在此条件下,DGBME的收率可达92%以上。     

Thermal and electrochemical properties of ionic liquids based on N-methyl-N-alkyl morpholinium cations

A series of ionic liquids based on morpholinium cations were prepared. N-alkyl-N-methylmorpholinium bromide, N-alkyl-N-methylmorpholinium tetrafluoroborate, N-alkyl-N-methylmorpholinium hexafluorophosphate and N-alkyl-N-methylmorpholinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide were synthesized, and then thermal and electrochemical properties of prepared ionic liquids were measured. These morpholinium salts were found to be thermally stable near 673 K and electrochemically stable up to 6 V at room temperature. In conclusion, these new series of morpholinium based ILs might be potential candidates for electrolytes in batteries and other electrolytic devices.     

金属配位聚合物[(Ag2I4)(BPHP)]n的定向构筑与结构表征

通过分子组装和晶体工程的方法,金属离子和有机阳离子在一定条件下可以得到具有高度规则的配位聚合物.将合成的新型有机阳离子BPHP· Br2与金属盐AgI进行分子组装,合成了结构新颖的有机-无机复合化合物[(Ap2I4)(BPHP)]n,通过单晶衍射仪收集了衍射数据,并解出了其晶体结构,该配合物形成了一维的链状结构,它在非...     

Determination of contents of eight alkaloids in fruits of Macleaya cordata （Willd） R. Br. from different habitats and antioxidant activities of extracts

A reliable ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method combined with HPLC-UV for quantification of eight active alkaloids in fruits of Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. was developed. The optimization conditions of UAE were obtained by using Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology. Chromatography was carried out using a Kromasil C18 column by gradient elution with 0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution for HPLC-UV. All calibration curves showed good linear correlation coefficients (R2>0.999 6) and recoveries (from 97.3% to 104.9%) were acceptable. l,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method was employed to test the antioxidant activity of the extract from the samples. The proposed method was successfully applied to quantifying eight components in nine samples of M.cordata, and significant variations of alkaloid contents and antioxidant activity of the samples from different habitats were demonstrated. It presents a powerful proof for the selection of the best sources to extract eight kinds of alkaloids.     

HPLC-ICP-MS联机分析中与化合物结构无关的校正现象及其应用

HPLC-ICP-MS hyphenated techniques were developed for the elemental speciation analysis. Different species of I, Br and Hg were successfully separated and determined. The linier dynamic ranges, the detection limits were discussed. The compound independent calibration (CIC) phenomenon for HPLC-ICP-MS techniques were found and its good potential in applications were discussed as example.     

Precursor Engineering for All‐Inorganic CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells with 14.78% Efficiency

The optoelectronic properties of perovskite films are closely related to the film quality, so depositing dense, uniform, and stable perovskite films is crucial for fabricating high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). CsPbI₂Br perovskite, prized for its superb stability toward light soaking and thermal aging, has received a great deal of attention recently. However, the air instability and poor performance of CsPbI₂Br PSCs are hindering its further progress. Here, an approach is reported for depositing high‐quality CsPbI₂Br films via the Lewis base adducts PbI₂(DMSO) and PbBr₂(DMSO) as precursors to slow the crystallization of the perovskite film. This process produces CsPbI₂Br films with large‐scale crystalline grains, flat surfaces, low defects, and long carrier lifetimes. More interestingly, PbI₂(DMSO) and PbBr₂(DMSO) adducts could significantly improve the stability of CsPbI₂Br films in air. Using films prepared by this technique, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.78% is obtained in CsPbI₂Br PSCs, which is the highest PCE value reported for CsPbI₂Br‐based PSCs to date. In addition, the PSCs based on DMSO adducts show an extended operational lifetime in air. These excellent performances indicate that preparing high‐quality inorganic perovskite films by using DMSO adducts will be a potential method for improving the performance of other inorganic PSCs.