Formation of ordered microporous films with water as templates from poly(D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) solution

Recently a method that uses water droplets at the air–solution interface as an ordered template was reported for the preparation of ordered micrometer‐size honeycomb structures. Here we show that the method can also be used for formation of honeycomb‐like porous films from random copolymers with certain hydrophilicity, besides those polymers with defined structures such as block copolymers, starlike homopolymers, amd amphiphilic polymers. This demonstrates that the stabilization of water droplets is the key factor for the regular structure. Also we indicate that size and structure of the films can be regulated by such variables as concentration and atmospheric humidity. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1846–1850, 2003     

水稻花后衰退珠心和胚乳发育初期Ca2+的超微细胞化学定位

应用焦锑酸盐沉淀技术对水稻花后衰退珠心和胚乳发育初期进行了Ca^2 的超微细胞化学定位。结果显示在初始衰退的珠心细胞中Ca^2 主要分布于液泡膜上和核内；在衰退中期的珠心细胞中，Ca^ 主要分布在核膜、液泡膜及质膜上；在严重衰退的珠心细胞，Ca^2 仅存在于液泡中。珠心降解的Ca^2 跨过胚囊壁，通过质外体向胚乳内运输；发育初期的胚乳细胞，Ca^2 主要位于胞间隙，线粒体和液泡中也有少量分布。讨论了Ca^2 与珠心PCD的关系。     

Preparation of core–shell type nanoparticles of diblock copolymers of poly(L‐lactide)/poly(ethylene glycol) and their characterization in vitro

Core–shell type nanoparticles of poly(L ‐lactide)/poly(ethylene glycol) (LE) diblock copolymer were prepared by a dialysis technique. Their size was confirmed as 40–70 nm using photon correlation spectroscopy. The ¹H‐NMR analysis confirmed the formation of core–shell type nanoparticles and drug loading. The particle size, drug loading, and drug release rate of the LE nanoparticles were slightly changed by the initial solvents that were used. The drug release behavior of LE core–shell type nanoparticles showed an initial burst during the first 12 h and then a sustained release until 100 h. The degradation behavior of LE block copolymer nanoparticles was divided into three phases: the initial rapid degradation phase, the stationary phase, and the rapid degradation phase until complete degradation. It was suggested that lidocaine release kinetics were predominantly governed by the diffusion mechanism in the initial burst phase and after that by both of the diffusion and degradation mechanisms. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2625–2634, 2002     

Partitioned half-explicit Runge-Kutta methods for differential-algebraic systems of index 2

A class of half-explicit methods for index 2 differential-algebraic systems in Hessenberg form is proposed, which takes advantage of the partitioned structure of such problems. For this family of methods, which we call partitioned half-explicit Runge-Kutta methods, a better choice in the parameters of the method than for previously available half-explicit Runge-Kutta methods can be made. In particular we construct a family of 6-stage methods of order 5, and determine its parameters (based on the coefficients of the successful explicit Runge-Kutta method DOPRI5) in order to optimize the local error coefficients. Numerical experiments demonstrate the efficiency of this method for the solution of constrained multi-body systems.     

Effect of Iron on the Color of Barley and Other Cereal Porridges

ABSTRACT: Iron added as ferrous sulfate at 500 mg*kg⁻¹ to rice, oats, whole grain wheat, or proanthocyanidin-free barley porridge caused significant changes in the Hunter "L", "a", and "b" values but the visual appearance of these porridges remained satisfactory. Porridge made with normal barley flour fortified with 500 mg*kg⁻¹ of iron developed an unappealing gray color with ferrous sulfate, ferrous fumarate, or electrolytic iron, 3 salts differing in solubility. At 100 and 250 mg*kg⁻¹ of iron, the discoloration of normal barley porridge was less pronounced, but still objectionable. When fortified with 50 mg*kg⁻¹ of iron, normal barley porridge had a slight color change but was not noticeably gray. Thus barley-containing foods can be fortified with a soluble iron compound at the level of iron used in enriched flour and similar cereal-grain foods for the general population without developing an unattractive color.     

Purification and Characterization of an Endoprotease from Melon Fruit

An endoprotease was purified from melon fruit (Cucumis melo L.) by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography using t-butyloxycarbonyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Leu p-nitroanilide as a substrate. The molecular weight was estimated as 26,000 and isoelectric point pH 9.5. It preferentially hydrolyzed peptide bonds of the carboxyl terminal sides of Leu, Ala, His, Gin, and Am. Activity was strongly inhibited by diisopropyl phosphofluoridate, indicating the serine protease nature of the enzyme. The migration distance on electrophoresis, molecular weight and substrate specificity differed from cucumisin, a known protease from melon. This unusual protease may have potential for special food treatment applications.     

A study of solid circulation rate in a circulating fluidized bed

An experimental investigation under cold condition was made to study the effects of some operating/design parameters and non-mechanical L valve configuration on the solid circulation rate in a 4.5 m tall, 0.15 m diameter circulating fluidized bed with riser flow rate varying from 1400 litres/min to 2000 litres/min and bed inventory from 15 kg to 25 kg of sand of average sizes 200 μm, 400 μm and 500 μm. Solid circulation rate was estimated by measuring velocity of sand particle travelling through a vertical Perspex tube section at the bottom of the return leg. It was found to be in the range of 2.8 to 12.3kg/m²s, 0.07 to 9.1kg/m²s and 0.12 to 2.23kg/m²s for sand sizes of 200 μm, 400 μm and 500 μm, respectively for a horizontal L valve. Two mathematical correlations have been developed from the experimental results to predict solid circulation rate as a function of riser flow rate, aeration flow rate, total bed inventory and particle size used.     

基于L298N芯片对离子渗氮中压强的控制

离子渗氮工艺对炉体内压强的控制要求比较高，本文设计了一种基于L298N芯片驱动直流电动机控制的气体流量控制器，可用于控制反应炉的抽气气体流量，提高了炉体压强控制精度，降低了生产成本。     

高速数字光电耦合器HCPL-260L/060L及其应用

HCPL-260L/060L是美国安捷伦科技有限公司推出的高速数字光电耦合器。该器件的逻辑电平与LVTTL/LVCMOS兼容 ,并具有输出使能端。文中详细介绍了HCPL -260L/060L的引脚功能、内部结构、主要特点、使用要求和注意事项 ,给出了它与LVTTL器件的典型接口电路及隔离的3.3VRS232接口电路。