孔雀绿光度法测定蔬菜的抗氧化活性

研究用孔雀绿做显色剂分光光度法测定Fenton反应产生羟自由基的方法。产生的羟自由基与孔雀绿作用使溶液吸光度降低,利用吸光度的变化间接测定所产生的羟自由基。蔬菜的水提取液可清除溶液中的羟自由基,从而使孔雀绿溶液的褪色程度降低。测定了8种蔬菜的抗氧化活性,其中青椒的活性最强。     

甘蓝型油菜SSR核心引物研究

为了确定一组适用于品种纯度鉴定和遗传多样性分析的SSR核心引物,以100份具有代表性的甘蓝型油菜品种（系）为研究材料对746对SSR引物进行筛选,综合考虑PIC（平均多态信息量）值大小、引物重复性、扩增带型清晰度、连锁群分布等因素,确定44对引物为甘蓝型油菜核心引物,其中20对引物为首选核心引物,24对引物为备选核心引物。20对首选核心引物每对可检测到3~9个多态性位点,PIC值介于0.56~0.80,共检测到102个位点,分布于11个连锁群上。随机抽取1对核心引物对一个杂交组合大田制种F1纯度进行鉴定,其鉴定结果与田间自然鉴定结果一致,并可同时鉴别出来源于父本及外来的混杂单株。将44对核心引物应用于品种的系谱分析和100份品种遗传多样性聚类分析,同样得到了很好的验证结果。该套SSR核心引物适用于甘蓝型油菜品种鉴定及遗传多样性研究。     

蔬菜质量安全可追溯系统的设计与实现

将网络信息技术与蔬菜种植业实际相结合,应用EAN·UCC条码为蔬菜产品标识,构建了一套蔬菜质量安全可追溯系统,实现对蔬菜产品质量的追溯管理。该系统为增强政府管理部门的监管手段和监管效率,提高生产企业生产管理水平,增加企业竞争力,增强消费者的安全感提供了技术保障。该系统已在深圳市实际应用。     

冷冻处理对果蔬的影响及其应用

讨论了冷冻处理对果蔬中蛋白质、糖分、维生素等营养成分以及颜色、风味、微观结构等方面的影响，阐述了其在果蔬产业中，尤其是热敏类成分含量较高果品的榨汁、浓缩等工艺中的应用现状及前景，强调了冷冻处理在果蔬产业中的应用依然存在很大的挖掘空间。     

Chinese Cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) does not Improve Glucose Tolerance,Serum Insulin,or Blood Lipid Profiles in a Rat Model of Type‐2 Diabetes

ABSTRACT: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of a low (0.5%) and a high (2.0%) dietary dose of freeze‐dried Chinese cabbage (CC) (Brassica campestris L.) powder in a type‐2 diabetes (T2D) model of rats. Five‐week‐old male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed a high fat (HF)‐containing diet for 2 wk then randomly divided into 4 groups of 8 animals, namely: normal control (NC), diabetic control (DBC), Chinese cabbage low (CCL, 0.5%), and Chinese cabbage high (CCH, 2.0%) groups. Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 40 mg/kg body weight) in all groups except the NC group. After 4 wk feeding of experimental diets, although food intake was not different among the DBC, CCL, and CCH groups, body weight gain was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the CCH group compared to the DBC group. Relatively higher serum insulin concentrations and better glucose tolerance were observed in the CC‐fed groups compared to the DBC group; however, the results were not significantly different. Fasting blood glucose, blood glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), liver weight, and liver glycogen levels were not influenced by the CC‐containing diets. Additionally, hypertriglyceridemic tendencies were observed in the CC‐fed groups compared to the NC and DBC groups, while difference observed for total‐, HDL‐, and LDL‐cholesterols between the groups were negligible. Results of this study suggest that up to 2% dietary dose of freeze‐dried CC is not significantly effective to reduce diabetes‐related symptoms in an HF diet‐fed STZ‐induced T2D model of rats.     

Microencapsulation of Oils: A Comprehensive Review of Benefits,Techniques, and Applications

Microencapsulation is a process of building a functional barrier between the core and wall material to avoid chemical and physical reactions and to maintain the biological, functional, and physicochemical properties of core materials. Microencapsulation of marine, vegetable, and essential oils has been conducted and commercialized by employing different methods including emulsification, spray‐drying, coaxial electrospray system, freeze‐drying, coacervation, in situ polymerization, melt‐extrusion, supercritical fluid technology, and fluidized‐bed‐coating. Spray‐drying and coacervation are the most commonly used techniques for the microencapsulation of oils. The choice of an appropriate microencapsulation technique and wall material depends upon the end use of the product and the processing conditions involved. Microencapsulation has the ability to enhance the oxidative stability, thermostability, shelf‐life, and biological activity of oils. In addition, it can also be helpful in controlling the volatility and release properties of essential oils. Microencapsulated marine, vegetable, and essential oils have found broad applications in various fields. This review describes the recognized benefits and functional properties of various oils, microencapsulation techniques, and application of encapsulated oils in various food, pharmaceutical, and even textile products. Moreover, this review may provide information to researchers working in the field of food, pharmacy, agronomy, engineering, and nutrition who are interested in microencapsulation of oils.     

2016—2017年广西食用植物油质量安全监测评价分析

对广西食用植物油质量安全水平和污染程度进行监测评价。2016—2017年对广西14个地级市共抽检监测食用植物油3 821份,按照 GB/T 5009 检测酸价、过氧化值、浸出油溶剂残留、黄曲霉毒素B1、总砷、铅和苯并(a)芘,并依据 GB 2716—2005对食用油进行评价。结果表明：抽检食用植物油总合格率为 92.04%;2016、2017年食用植物油合格率分别为96.70%和91.22%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。从种类看,玉米油、芝麻油和其他食用植物油合格率分别为100%、93.75%和99.61%。花生油合格率最低,为87.83%,黄曲霉毒素B1超标是花生油不合格的主要原因,检出率为8.85%。从包装看,预包装食用植物油的合格率（99.70%）明显高于散装（83.72%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。食用植物油生产加工环节的合格率最低,为88.01%。广西玉米油、芝麻油和其他食用植物油相对而言抽检合格率较高,花生油合格率较低,应加强花生油的抽检监测和监督管理,通过严格落实生产经营者主体责任,积极引导消费者科学理性消费,持续深化小油坊专项治理,不断强化质量安全控制技术研究,逐步推进广西食用植物油安全水平稳步提升。     

榛子乳饮料加工工艺及其稳定性研究

研究以棒子为主要原料的植物蛋白饮料的加工工艺及其稳定性.着重对CMC、卡拉胶、黄原胶等单一稳定剂,单甘脂、蔗糖脂、吐温80等乳化剂及乳化稳定剂在棒子乳饮料中的稳定效果进行研究.试验表明,在棒子乳饮料中0.08%卡拉胶、0.08%瓜尔豆胶、0.1%蔗糖脂,0.15%复合稳定剂效果最佳;70℃、35 MPa的条件均质有较好的效果;采用121℃、20 min的高温高压杀菌.     

甘蓝型油菜角果的抗裂角特性及其相关分析

应用改良拉裂法,对286份甘蓝型油菜品种（系）进行裂角力测定.结果表明,抗裂角性状在现有甘蓝型油菜品种（系）中存在广泛变异.在146份甘蓝型杂交油菜品种（组合）中,裂角力变异范围0.82～ 2.87N（牛顿）,平均裂角力1.83N,变异系数22.11％;裂角力小于1N的有3份（占2.05％）,1～2N之间的96份（占65.75％）,在2～3N之间的47份（占32.19％）,没有检测到裂角力大于3N的品种或组合.在140份甘蓝型常规油菜品种（系）中,裂角力变异范围0.58 ～ 3.47N,平均裂角力1.94N,变异系数31.55％,均高于杂交油菜,其中裂角力小于1N的6份（占4.29％）,在1～2N之间的76份（占54.29％）,在2～3N之间的49份（占35％）,大于3N的9份（占6.42％）.与角果和籽粒性状的相关分析表明,油菜角果的裂角力值与单角壳重、单位面积壳重、千粒重达极显著正相关,与每角粒数和角果宽度达到显著正相关.分析杂种与亲本恢复系之间的关系,发现杂种裂角力与恢复系的角果宽度、单角壳重、单位面积壳重、千粒重等性状呈极显著正相关,与粒壳比呈极显著负相关.说明角果大小显著影响油菜的抗裂角特性,角果大、果壳厚、千粒重高等可以作为筛选抗裂角油菜的形态指标.在杂交油菜育种中选用大角大粒恢复系亲本能有效提高杂交油菜的抗耐裂角性.     

简化二维气相色谱法分析蔬菜中农药多种残留

本试验研究建立了简化二维气相色谱法测定蔬菜中5种农药（β-六六六、P,P-DDE、乙草胺、氟乐灵、毒死蜱）残留的提取、净化和简化二维气相色谱分析条件。蔬菜样品粉碎后加入无水硫酸钠研磨至无水分，加入50ml重蒸石油醚：丙酮（9：1）超声提取后经固相萃取净化处理后上机检测。5种农药标准曲线的相关系数（r）为0．9952-0.9991，在0．010-0．050mg／L浓度范围内，回收率为81．5％-91．8％，变异系数为5．7％～11．2％，检测限为0.010-0．055mg／L。