Three-dimensional imaging in fluorescence by confocal scanning microscopy

The improved resolution and sectioning capability of a confocal microscope make it an ideal instrument for extracting three-dimensional information especially from extended biological specimens. The imaging properties, also with finite detection pinholes are considered and a number of biological applications demonstrated.     

矿井提升机变频调速系统数学模型的建立及仿真研究

对矿井提升机变频调速系统进行了仿真研究． 根据电流型逆变器—异步电机转差频率控制的原理, 建立了控制系统的数学模型, 并在此基础上用ＭＡＴＬＡＢ （ＳＩＭＵＬＩＮＫ） 进行了系统仿真． 仿真结果表明, 该系统具有较好的工作特性．     

Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope Image of Gradient Structure Formed in an Acrylate Copolymer/Fluoro-copolymer Blend

Thin films of poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid-co-vinyl acetate)/poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoro acetone) [P(2EHA-AA-VAc)/P(VDF-HFA)] of 30/70 (by weight) blends without and with addition of 2 wt% fine silica gel were prepared on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) from 20 wt% THF solution. Gradient domain morphology formed in the 30/70 blend was observed with a confocal scanning laser microscope (CSLM). Separate domains composed of P(2EHA-AA-VAc) phase were found in P(VDF-HFA) matrix at various levels of increasing depth with increasing domain size. Thus, CSLM is quite effective in morphological observation of the gradient structure formed in polymer blends, provided the blends are transparent.     

高强度船板钢中针状铁素体的原位观察

采用高温共聚焦显微镜对高强度船板钢中针状铁素体进行原位观察,并利用金相显微镜分析原位观察后其组织形态。结果表明,随着保温时间的增加,平均奥氏体晶粒尺寸增大。保温时间为900 s时获得的奥氏体尺寸更有利于针状铁素体的形核。随着保温时间的延长,铁素体开始相变的温度先减小后增加,而铁素体的相变结束温度逐渐减小。     

Effect of conventional chemical treatment on the microbial population in a biofouling layer of reverse osmosis systems

The impact of conventional chemical treatment on initiation and spatiotemporal development of biofilms on reverse osmosis (RO) membranes was investigated in situ using flow cells placed in parallel with the RO system of a full-scale water treatment plant. The flow cells got the same feed (extensively pre-treated fresh surface water) and operational conditions (temperature, pressure and membrane flux) as the full-scale installation. With regular intervals both the full-scale RO membrane modules and the flow cells were cleaned using conventional chemical treatment. For comparison some flow cells were not cleaned. Sampling was done at different time periods of flow cell operation (i.e., 1, 5, 10 and 17 days and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months). The combination of molecular (FISH, DGGE, clone libraries and sequencing) and microscopic (field emission scanning electron, epifluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy) techniques made it possible to thoroughly analyze the abundance, composition and 3D architecture of the emerged microbial layers. The results suggest that chemical treatment facilitates initiation and subsequent maturation of biofilm structures on the RO membrane and feed-side spacer surfaces. Biofouling control might be possible only if the cleaning procedures are adapted to effectively remove the (dead) biomass from the RO modules after chemical treatment.     

Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.): An Evaluation of the Microstructural Changes in the Endosperm during the Malting Process by Using Scanning‐Electron and Confocal Laser Microscopy

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CLSM) were used to investigate the micro‐structural changes in the endosperm during the malting process. SEM was a suitable tool to characterise the microstructural constitution of starch granules in proso millet and the changes occurring during malting. An early visible degradation (after 24 h) of starch granules located in the floury endosperm, which is close to the embryo, could be observed. Due to this degradation, using confocal scanning laser microscopy, a less dense packaging of this part of the endosperm was observed. Degradation of starch granules in the vitreous endosperm was obvious at a distinct later stage of malting (78 h) and a preferred attack of small granules (>2.5 μm) was detected. Changes in protein structure could not be detected by either SEM or CLSM.     

激光共聚焦显微镜对结冷胶微观结构的观察研究

应用激光共聚焦显微镜研究了结冷胶的微观结构,阳离子、pH对结冷胶微观结构的影响。研究表明,含10mmol/LCaCl2,0.006%～0.01%浓度的低酰基结冷胶体系呈现弱凝胶网络结构,高酰基结冷胶不能形成类似的网络结构;Ca2+、K+对结冷胶的微观结构影响类似,但是要达到最大的网络密集度,所需的K+浓度是Ca2+的25倍;加酸改变pH会对结冷胶的微观结构产生影响。